Dielectric
polymers play a vital role in modern electronic and
electrical application because of easy processing, light weight, and
high breakdown strength. A high dielectric constant (εr) and breakdown strength cannot be satisfied simultaneously in the
dielectric homopolymers. Via combining the merits of different polymers,
the dielectric polymer blending method is a feasible option to address
this issue. In this paper, n-type semiconductive polymer poly(1,6,7,12-tetra-chlorinated
perylene-N-2-aminoethyl acrylate-N′-dodecylamine-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic bisimide) (PPDI) and
relaxor ferroelectric polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene)
(PVTC) were utilized to prepare the dielectric polymer blends because
PPDI had the characteristic of binding electrons and PVTC possessed
a high εr. A series of polymer blends with different
weight ratios of PPDI were fabricated to investigate the loading effect
of an n-type semiconductive polymer on the dielectric and energy storage
properties of PPDI/PVTC blends. The experimental results showed that,
when the loading was below 3 wt %, the εr of polymer
blends increased from 25 to 33 at 102 Hz with the increasing
content of polymer PPDI and then decreased from 33 to 7 with the increasing
concentration from 3 to 40 wt %. The dielectric behavior of polymer
blends was related to the dispersion of organic fillers and interface
polarization. Additionally, a low dielectric loss was found in all
polymer blending films. A maximal discharge energy density of 4.42
J/cm–3 was achieved in the 4.5 wt % PPDI/PVTC blending
film at 200 kV/mm–1. The finding presents an innovative
idea to synthesize high-performance all-organic dielectric materials.
Rationale:
Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare type of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Although data of PTL in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are accumulating, there are still patients respond poorly to prognosis.
Patient concerns:
All patients had disease of the DLBCL subtype and those patients had primary involvement of the testis. In our studies, eleven patients had stage I/II disease, and 3 patients had advanced disease with B symptoms. Four patients exhibited a MYC+, BCL2+, and BCL6- expression pattern, 4 patients had a MYC+, BCL6+, and BCL2- expression pattern, and 3 patients had a MYC+, BCL2+, and BCL6+ expression pattern. Additionally, 43% (7/16) of PT-DLBCL patients had a germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) phenotype, while the others had a non-GCB phonotype.
Diagnoses:
In our case, most patients presented with unilateral painless scrotal swelling and the enlargement of the testicles in the first examination. After hospitalization, all patients underwent preoperative imageological examination of the testis and epididymis and postoperative revealed that all patients were the diffuse infiltration of a large number of anomalous lymphocytes. In addition, no invasion of other sites was observed within 3 months after diagnosis.
Interventions and outcomes:
Underwent orchiectomy on the affected side was performed by urologists after all patients were diagnosed with PTL. Meanwhile, some patients received at least one course of chemotherapy, or received postoperative combined RT and chemotherapy. Because of it particularity, nineteen instances of lymph node region involvement were discovered in 12 patients since the operation.
Lessons:
PT-DLBCL has unique biological characteristics, and its treatment modalities are becoming increasingly standardized. In the future, systematic interventions need to be actively considered in the early stages of PTL.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.