Traffic lights intersections are common in cities and have an impact on the energy consumption of vehicles, so it is significant to optimize the velocities of vehicles in urban road conditions. The novel speed optimization strategy for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) queue that helps reduce fuel consumption and improve traffic efficiency is presented in this paper, where real-world traffic signal information is used to construct the research scenario. The initial values of the target velocities are obtained based on the signal phase and timing (SPAT). Then the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear constrained problem and obtain the optimal target velocities based on vehicle to vehicle communication (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure communication (V2I). The lower controller, which applies rule based control strategy, is designed to split the power of the engine and two electric motors in a power split HEV, which is quite promising because of its advantages in fuel economy. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed strategy in reducing fuel consumption of the HEV queue and improving traffic smoothness.
In this note, the FTC problem of time-delay systems with the special sensor model of failure is investigated. Firstly, based on Lyapunov stability theorem, through constructing a proper LKF and using integral inequality, the stability condition of the closed-loop system is obtained. Secondly, by using the nonlinear transformation and the cone complementary linearization algorithm, the controller existence condition of time-delay system in terms of LMIs is obtained, which guarantee the asymptotically stable of the closed-loop systems even if the sensor faults occur, and the controller parameters are also given. Finally, an example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods in this paper.
In this paper, four-phase simultaneous lightning stroke-caused faults have been analysed, which occurred in double-circuit transmission lines on the same tower. According to the fault patrol circumstance, lightning information data, fault recording imformation, ATP-EMTP transient simulation analysis, it can be determined that the four-phase flashover faults were caused by backflashover. The specific process was: lightning stroke top or ground line of 75# tower. The lightning current was shunted by the ground wire and the tower, and was injected into the earth through the grounding device, cause high electric potential to rise on the top of 75# tower, and backflashover overvoltage formed across the insulators of phase B and phase C, leading to insulators flashover and simultaneous trip-out.
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