The study was conducted on six porcine males and thirty six semen ejaculates for its fertility assessment. The average length of the left and right testicle of the boars measured by ultrasonography was 9.47 ± 0.73 cm and 9.09 ± 0.65 cm, respectively. The sperm concentration/ml increased significantly as testicular diameter increased in size. The average length of right and left of boar testicle measured by Vernier caliper was 10.4 ± 0.57 cm and average width was 4.3 ± 0.14 cm. The average volume of boar semen was 115.00 ± 11.83 ml with milky colour. Thick consistency was observed in 83.3% semen samples whereas 16.6 % semen samples were having thin consistency. Out of 36 semen ejaculates, 16.6 % semen samples had density of DD where as 83.3 % had a density of DDD. The Mass activity, live percentage, percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa and total sperm concentration in boar semen were 3 ± 0, 75.41 ± 2.07 %, 0 %, and 523 ± 60.07 million/ml, respectively. Mean percentage of hypo osmotic swelling test (HOS-Test) of semen found in the present study was 73.47 ± 2.26. The average time for reduction of resazurin dye from blue to violet was 1.805 ± 0.163 and from violet to pink was 9.944 ± 0.890. None of the sample change colour from pink to white. In the present study 36 ejaculates of boar semen were subjected for TVC of bacteria. In order to differentiate the bacterial species contaminating semen raw semen was placed on different agar plates. The species isolated with higher frequency in boar semen were of Staphylococcus species-83.3% (30 samples) followed by E.coli-63.8% (23 samples). Mean TVC obtained in this study was 45.13 × 10 3 .
morphology using the strict criteria and IUI success rates (measured by clinical pregnancies per cycle of IUI) published through April 2016. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they assessed IUI pregnancy success rate for percent sperm morphology >4% and 4% or percent sperm morphology !1% and <1%. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using meta-regression.RESULTS: Data were extracted from 22 trials involving 25,817 cycles. 19 trials reported sperm morphology >4% and 4% and 13 trials reported sperm morphology !1% and <1%. Average pregnancy success rates for couples with a normal sperm morphology >4% was 15.29% [95% CI: 12.89% to 18.05%; I2¼91.5%]. There was no significantly difference when compared to the pregnancy success rate for couples with normal sperm morphology 4%: 13.00% [95% CI: 10.76% to 15.63%; I2¼88.9%]; between-group difference, P ¼ 0.205. No significant difference was seen between the average pregnancy success for couples with a sperm morphology !1%: 14.06% [95% CI: 12.47% to 15.81%; I2¼80.1%] compared to the pregnancy success for couples with sperm morphology <1%: 13.33% [95% CI: 9.93% to 17.68%; I2¼28.9%]; between-group difference P ¼ 0.739. Using meta-regression, no within-group confounders were noted for wither 1% threshold and 4% threshold when potential confounders such as female age, average total motile count (TMC), minimum TMC required for IUI, and average year of study (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Neither the threshold of sperm morphology between >4% and 4% and !1% and <1% was statistically significant nor clinically significant. Thus for couples with abnormal morphology, IUI ought to be trialed prior to proceeding to significantly more expensive in vitro fertilization. We recommend that men with isolated abnormal sperm morphology should not be counseled against trial of IUI even if sperm morphology is <1%.
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