An injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) with multiple highly nonlinear injection stages is discussed. Implemented in a standard 0.18-m CMOS technology, measurement shows that multiple division ratios from 6 to 18 are achieved while the locking ranges are all above 1.7 GHz without the need for additional tuning. The ILFD can be locked at the maximum injection frequency of 11 GHz with the power consumption no more than 7.2 mW from a 1.8-V power supply.Index Terms-Division ratio, injection locked frequency dividers (ILFDs), locking range.
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