The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of TFG-beta 1 on wound healing in standardized Class II furcation defects of 48 mandibular second premolar teeth in 24 sheep. The experimental design included a control group (carrier only, 25% pluronic F-127), and 2 experimental groups: group A (80 micrograms/ml TGF-beta 1 + carrier) and group B (80 micrograms/ml TGF-beta 1 + carrier covered with a barrier membrane). Sheep were killed either 2 wk or 6 wk after surgery. Mesiodistal sections of the decalcified specimens were quantified histologically using stereology. Percentage volumes of regenerated bone, fibrous connective tissue and cementum were calculated for each furcation defect. Mean values were analysed using multiple ANOVA; p values were calculated using paired and unpaired Student's t-tests. After 2 wk there was more bone in group B than either of the other 2 groups, but this was not statistically significant. By 6 wk more bone was present in group A than in the control group (p < 0.02) and also in group B when compared with both group A and the control group (p < 0.02 and p < 0.44), respectively. In the 4 wk between sampling significantly more bone had formed (group A < 0.05 and group B p < 0.003, respectively). A negative correlation existed between volumes of bone and fibrous connective tissue and no significant differences between the volumes of cementum were evident between any of the groups. This study demonstrated that TGF-beta 1 encouraged bone regeneration in Class II furcation defects in sheep, an effect enhanced by the presence of a barrier membrane. This is the first report on the use of TGF-beta 1 in conjunction with GTR in periodontal defects.
SUMMARY:The aim of the present research was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of pumpkin seed oils (PSOs) of an Egyptian and European variety, in a rat model of adjuvant arthritis. Edema thickness, plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined as inflammatory biomarkers while malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed as indicative of oxidative stress. Chromosomal aberration, sperm shape abnormalities, and DNA fragmentations are cytogenetic parameters which aid in tracing inflammatory and oxidative activity. Phenolic contents and β-carotene were determined in PSOs. The results showed elevated ESR, plasma TNF-α, plasma MDA, liver cellular DNA fragmentation, bone marrow chromosomal aberration, sperm shape abnormalities with a reduction in plasma TAC and body weight gain in an adjuvant arthritis control compared to a healthy control. Administration of low and high doses of either Egyptian or European PSO improved all the aforementioned parameters with variable degrees.KEYWORDS: Adjuvant arthritis; Anti-inflammatory; β-Carotene; Phenolic contents; Pumpkin seed oils RESUMEN: Actividad antiinflamatoria de dos variedades de aceite de semillas de calabaza en un modelo de artritis adyuvante en ratas. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la actividad antiinflamatoria de aceites de calabaza (PSOs) de variedades egipcia y europea, en un modelo de rata con artritis adyuvante. El espesor del edema, el factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF-α) y la velocidad de sedimentación eritrocitaria (ESR) se determinaron como biomarcadores inflamatorios, mientras que el malondialdehído (MDA) y la capacidad antioxidante total (TAC) fueron evaluados como indicativos de estrés oxidativo. La aberración cromosómica, las anomalías de la forma del esperma y las fragmentaciones del ADN son parámetros citogenéticos que ayudan a localizar la actividad inflamatoria y oxidativa. Se determinaron contenidos fenólicos y β-caroteno en PSOs. Los resultados mostraron elevado ESR, TNF-α plasmático, MDA plasmática, fragmentación del ADN del hígado, aberración cromosómica de la médula ósea, anomalías de la forma espermática con una reducción del TAC plasmático y un aumento del peso corporal en el control de la artritis adyuvante en comparación con el control sano. La administración de dosis bajas y altas de PSO egipcia o europea mejoró todos los parámetros mencionados en grados variables.
SUMMARY:The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cardiovascular protective effect of Egyptian and European pumpkin seed oil (PSO) in hypercholesterolemic rats. Tocopherols, fatty acids (FAs) and unsaponifiable matter (UNSAP) were assessed in both oils. The results showed that α-tocopherol was 108 and 273, g-tocopherol was 3.95 and 0 and d-tocopherol was 0 and 1.58 mg·100 g -1 oil of the Egyptian and European, respectively. GLC analysis of FAs revealed the presence of linoleic acid as the major fatty acid in both oils. Feeding a hypercholesterolemic diet produced a significant increase in plasma total cholesterol (T-Ch), triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein cholesterol, T-Ch/HDL-Ch, TGs/HDL-Ch and malondialdehyde and a significant reduction in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Ch), vitamin E, and adiponectin. Rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diet with either oil showed a significant improvement in all biochemical parameters. KEYWORDS: Adiponectin; European and Egyptian PSO; Hypercholesterolemia; Lipid profile; Oxidative stress; RatsRESUMEN: Ingredientes funcionales y efecto protector cardiovascular de aceites de semillas de calabaza. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto protector cardiovascular de aceites de semilla de calabaza (PSO) de variedades egipcia y europea en ratas con hipercolesterolemia. Se evaluó tocoferoles, ácidos grasos (FAs) y materia insaponificable (UNSAP) en ambos aceites. Los resultados mostraron valores de α-tocoferol de 108 y 273, g-tocoferol 3,95 y 0 y d-tocoferol de 0 y 1,58 mg·100 g -1 en las variedades egipcia y europea, respectivamente. El análisis por GLC de los ácidos grasos (FAS) mostró al linoleico como mayoritario en ambos aceites. La alimentación con una dieta hipercolesterolémica produjo en plasma un aumento significativo de colesterol total (T-Ch), triglicéridos (TG), colesterol en lipoproteínas de baja densidad, T-Ch/HDL-Ch, TGs/HDL-ch y malondialdehído y una reducción significativa en el colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL-cH), vitamina E, y adiponectina. Las ratas alimentadas con una dieta hipercolesterolémica y con ambos aceites, mostraron mejoras significativas en todos los parámetros bioquímicos. PALABRAS CLAVE: Adiponectina; Estrés oxidativo; Hipercolesterolemia; Perfil lipídico; PSO europeos y egipcios; RatasCitation/Cómo citar este artículo: Al-Okbi SY, Mohamed DA, Kandil E, Ahmed EK, Mohammed SE. 2014. Functional ingredients and cardiovascular protective effect of pumpkin seed oils. Grasas Aceites 65 (1): e007. doi: http://dx.doi.
The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-cancer activities of nutraceuticals prepared from apricot kernel and grape seeds extracts. Different bioactive compounds were determined in the prepared nutraceuticals (total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, β-carotene, phytosterols and fatty acids). Acute toxicity of these nutraceuticals was evaluated. Apricot kernel showed the highest content of protein and fat, while grape seeds were rich in carbohydrates. Apricot kernel nutraceutical (AKN) showed the highest content of hydrocarbons, while grape seeds nutraceutical (GSN) showed the highest phytosterol content. Stigmasterol was the major phytosterol present in both nutraceuticals. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were the major unsaturated fatty acids present in AKN and GSN, respectively. GSN showed the highest content of phenolic compounds and total flavonoids, while AKN showed the highest content of β-carotene (2.91mg/100g). GSN showed the highest antioxidant activity in all the studied methods (DPPH, reducing power and ferric thiocynate) compared with apricot kernel nutraceutical. Both nutraceuticals showed anti-cancer activity against liver carcinoma cells (HEPG2), breast cancer cells (MCF7) and lung cell cancer (H460). GSN was the most promising in all types of cancer cells. GSN showed complete safety, while AKN was completely safe up to 6 g/kg mice body weight.
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