markers to assess genetic diversity and relatedness within strawberry genotypes. Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 313Á322. The goal of this study was to determine the level of genetic diversity and relatedness among 16 strawberry (Fragaria)ananassa Duch.) cultivars and 11 breeding lines developed in Canada, using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Seventeen primers generated 225 polymorphic ISSR-PCR bands. Cluster analysis by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) revealed a substantial degree of genetic similarity among the genotypes ranging from 63 to 77% that were in agreement with the principal coordinate (PCO) analysis. Geographical distribution for the place of breeding program explained only 1.4% of total variation as revealed by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). The ISSR markers detected a sufficient degree of polymorphism to differentiate among strawberry genotypes, making this technology valuable for cultivar identification and for the more efficient choice of parents in current strawberry breeding programs.Key words: Fragaria)ananassa, DNA fingerprinting, multivariate analysis, breeding, genetic similarity Debnath, S. C., Khanizadeh, S., Jamieson, A. R. and Kempler, C. 2008. É valuation de la diversite´et des liens ge´ne´tiques des ge´notypes de fraisier au moyen de marqueurs inter-microsatellitaires (ISSR). Can. J. Plant Sci. 88: 313Á322. L'e´tude devait e´tablir l'importance de la diversite´et des liens ge´ne´tiques entre 16 cultivars et souches ge´ne´alogiques de fraisier (FragariaÁ ananassa Duch.) cre´e´s au Canada graˆce a`des marqueurs ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat, fragments intermicrosatellitaires). Dix-sept amorces ont produit 225 bandes polymorphes ISSR-PCR. L'analyse des grappes par la me´thode des groupes-paires non ponde´re´s avec moyenne arithme´tique (UPGMA) re´ve`le une importante similitude ge´ne´tique entre les ge´notypes (de 63 % a`77 %), ce qui concorde avec les re´sultats de l'analyse en composantes principales (PCO). La re´partition ge´ographique des emplacements du programme d'ame´lioration n'explique que 1,4 % de la variation globale, ainsi que l'indique l'analyse de la variance mole´culaire (AMOVA). Les marqueurs ISSR de´tectent un degreś uffisant de polymorphisme pour qu'on puisse diffe´rencier le ge´notype des fraisiers, d'ou`l'utilite´de la technologie pour identifier les cultivars et permettre un meilleur choix des ligne´es parentales dans les programmes actuels d'hybridation du fraisier.Mots clé s: FragariaÁananassa, identification par le code ge´ne´tique, analyse a`variables multiples, hybridation, similitude ge´ne´tiqueThe cultivated strawberry (Fragaria )ananassa Duch.), an octoploid (2n 056) hybrid between the Scarlet or Virginia strawberry (F. virginiana Duch.) and the pistillate South American F. chiloensis (L.) Duch., is a dicotyledonous, perennial low-growing herb grown in most arable regions of the World. The crop is enjoyed by millions of people in all kinds of climates including temperate, Mediterranean, subtropical and tai...
Lodging is an important limiting factor in wheat because it affects growth, yield and grain quality. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are often used to restrain elongation of internodes, improve lodging traits, and protect yield potentials. An experiment was set up in the greenhouse at the Ottawa Research and Development Centre (ORDC) to study the effect of the selected PGRs (Manipulator, the active ingredient of which is chlormequat; and Palisade, the active ingredient of which is trinexapac-ethyl) on yield, stem height and morphological traits in six spring wheat cultivars (AC Carberry, AAC Scotia, Hoffman, Fuzion, FL62R1, and AW725). Both PGRs reduced plant height and caused a 6% to 48% reduction in the length of the second basal internode. The mixture of the two PGRs had a synergistic affect and made the stem shorter. The application of PGRs significantly reduced lodging, increased stem diameter, thickness, filling degree, and stem strength, and increased leaf relative chlorophyll content. However, application of PGRs significantly reduced grain yield, and the combination of the two PGRs (Manipulator and Palisade) had a synergistic effect and lowered the yield. In general, the effect of Palisade was more evident than that of Manipulator.
Growing concerns about food safety and environmental protection have created a need for new and safe plant disease control strategies. The aim of this study was to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of the devastating fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea Pers., the causal agent of grey mould disease of strawberry (Fragariaananassa Duch). The antifungal activity of the essential oils of Origanumvulgare L., Monardadidyma L. and of a commercial formulation of thyme oil (Gloves Off®) was investigated against B. cinerea and compared with controls. Contact phase effects of different concentrations of the essential oils and commercial formulation were found to inhibit the growth of B. cinerea in a dose dependent manner. Complete growth inhibition of the pathogen was recorded at 200 µg/ml of ‘Gloves Off®’. The mycelial growth of the pathogen was significantly reduced at the highest concentration of the essential oils of O. vulgare and M. didyma tested, which was 51.2 µg/ml. Spore germination and germ tube elongation were also inhibited by the essential oils and Gloves Off®. Light microscopic observations revealed that the essential oils caused morphological degenerations, such as cytoplasmic coagulation, hyphal shrivelling and protoplast leakage of the fungal hyphae. The essential oils of O. vulgare L. and M. didyma L. are promising, antifungal agents against B. cinereasimilar to the commercial formulation ‘Gloves Off®’.
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