Antifungal Studies of Selected Essential Oils and a Commercial Formulation against Botrytis Cinerea

Searching for new bio-based herbicides is crucial for decreasing chemical pollution, protecting the environment, and sustaining biodiversity. Origanum vulgare is considered a promising source of essential oil with herbicidal effect. The mode of action is not known. The present study focused on (1) comparison of phytotoxic activity of Origanum vulgare EO on monocot (Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare) and dicot species (Lepidium sativum and Sinapis alba); (2) and evaluating other antimicrobial biological activities against phytopatogen bacteria (Clavibacter michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, Pseudomonas savastanoi, and Xanthomonas campestris); antifungal activity against Monilinia fructicola, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium expansum, and Botrytis cinerea; cytotoxic activity and antioxidant activity. According to the GC/MS analyses, the EO belongs to the thymol chemotype O. vulgare with its high content of thymol (76%). Germination of all four species was not influenced by EO. The phytotoxic effect was statistically significant in the monocot species, while in the dicot species the opposite was observed—a stimulation effect, which was also statistically significant. Strong biological activity of O. vulgare EO was noted on all phytopatogen bacteria and fungi in the highest dose. Cytotoxic activity showed an IC50 = 50.5 μg/mL. Antioxidant activity showed an IC50 = 106.6 μg/mL after 45 min experimental time. Based on the presented results, it is possible to conclude that thymol chemotype O. vulgare essential oil could be potentially used as a herbicide with selective effects on monocot plant species.

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“…de Bary, Staphylococus aureus Rosenbach, Clavibacter michiganensis corrig. (Smith), and Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Doidge) Dowson [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymol Chemotype Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil as a Potential Selective Bio-Based Herbicide on Monocot Plant Species

et al. 2020

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“…In fact, there has been a growing interest in the research on the possible use of plant-derived natural fungicides for pest and disease control in agriculture, which are relatively less dangerous (Bajpai and Kang 2010;Adebayo et al 2013). Based on previous in vitro and in vivo investigations, essential oils have proven their efficacy as antifungal agents (Adam et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Syzygium aromaticum and Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides Essential Oils Against Phytophthora megakarya

Nana

Eke

Fokom

et al. 2015

Journal of Phytopathology

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The aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition and the antimicrobial activity of essential oils of dried fruits and buds of Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides (Z. xanthoxyloides) and Syzygium aromaticum (S. aromaticum or clove), respectively, against Phytophthora megakarya (P. megakarya). Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation, and their composition was determined by gas chromatography and by gas chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC) of the essential oils against P. megakarya were assessed by the Agar dilution method. The in vivo efficacy study consisted of spraying the essential oil emulsions on cocoa pod husk pieces (CPHP), followed by the inoculation with P. megakarya zoospores. The hydrodistillation yielded 10.54 and 1.89% of essential oils for S. aromaticum and Z. xanthoxyloides, respectively. Both oils were mainly made up of oxygenated monoterpenes (89.58 and 88.2%, respectively). Eugenol (83.02%) and eugenyl acetate (9.15%) were the main components of clove oil while α‐citronelol (25.83%) and trans‐geraniol (16.49%) were mostly found in the Z. xanthoxyloides oil. Clove oil exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity with a MIC of 250 μl/l than Z. xanthoxyloides with MIC of 350 μl/l. The symptoms were totally suppressed on pod husk treated with clove oil at 2000 μl/l. The decrease in the growth rate of the necrosis (GRN) and the sporulation of P. megakarya (PS) on cocoa husk after the successful infection was significant after the treatment with essential oils. These results are promising and indicate that the studied essential oils might be further investigated as natural alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of cocoa black pod diseases.

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“…Biljke su izvor velikoga broja biološki aktivnih spojeva, što može biti preduvjet razvoja novih bioloških fungicida (Al-Reza i sur., 2010.). Biološki spojevi koji se nalaze u eteričnim uljima nemaju štetne učinke na ljude i okoliš, (1)…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

“…citral i limonen) najbolje djeluju kada je gljiva izložena hlapljenju ulja(Suhr i Nielsen, 2003.). Biološka aktivnost eteričnih ulja u hlapljivoj fazi čini ih važnima kao mogućim fumigantima za kontrolu gljiva koje su uzročnice propadanja poljoprivrednih proizvoda nakon berbe odnosno žetve (Shao i sur.,2013. ; Sumalan i sur., 2013.).…”

unclassified

Utjecaj eteričnih ulja na fitopatogene gljive

Palfi

Vranddečić

Popijač

et al. 2019

Poljoprivreda (Online)

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Primjena sintetskih fungicida predstavlja još uvijek najučinkovitiju zaštitu od uzročnika biljnih bolesti. Međutim, prekomjerna i dugotrajna uporaba fungicida može dovesti do mnogih štetnih nuspojava, poput štetnoga djelovanja na ljudsko zdravlje, zagađenja okoliša i rezistentnosti patogena. Biološki spojevi koji se nalaze u eteričnim uljima nemaju nikakve štetne učinke na ljude i okoliš, pa mogu biti jedna od značajnih alternativa sintetskim fungicidima. Eterična ulja su sekundarni metaboliti biljaka, a često posjeduju antifungalna, antibakterijska, insekticidna, antivirusna i nematocidna svojstva. Kemijski sastav i biološki učinak eteričnih ulja je složen i ovisi o vrsti biljke, dijelu biljke iz kojega se uzima, podrijetlu, pedoklimatskim uvjetima, vremenu žetve, sezoni berbe i prerade, kao i o uvjetima skladištenja, vrsti patogena, primijenjenoj količini, načinu ekstrakcije i načinu aplikacije. Zbog toga se provode mnoga istraživanja antifungalnoga djelovanja eteričnih ulja na različite fitopatogene in vitro i in vivo ne bi li se pronašla eterična ulja ili njihove kombinacije čiji je antifungalno djelovanje jednako djelovanju sintetskih fungicida.

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Antifungal Studies of Selected Essential Oils and a Commercial Formulation against Botrytis Cinerea

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Thymol Chemotype Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil as a Potential Selective Bio-Based Herbicide on Monocot Plant Species

Thymol Chemotype Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil as a Potential Selective Bio-Based Herbicide on Monocot Plant Species

Antimicrobial Activity of Syzygium aromaticum and Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides Essential Oils Against Phytophthora megakarya

Utjecaj eteričnih ulja na fitopatogene gljive

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