Children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), usually present with symptoms of mild upper respiratory tract infection without developing any significant complications. However, this observation has been rendered incautious by hundreds of clinical cases from around the world that have depicted a less benign multisystem inflammatory illness mimicking Kawasaki disease in COVID-positive pediatric patients. Our study aimed at retrospectively reviewing the different features of Kawasaki disease-like illness in children suffering from COVID-19, including the complications, laboratory investigations, treatment strategies used during their hospital stay, and outcomes. We searched the electronic database of the two pediatric units of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, for children who had been admitted to the ward between April 2020 and July 2020 and were diagnosed with COVID-19. A total of 10 such pediatric cases were found, whose clinical details were then reviewed and the obtained data were presented in the form of tables and percentages. The median age was between 4 months to 11 years (mean: 6 years). Of the 10 patients, 8 (80%) were boys. Criteria for Kawasaki disease were met in all of them (100%), with a complete presentation in five (50%). Fever (100%), conjunctival and oral cavity changes (90%), and rash (80%) were the most common features. Seven (70%) patients required admission to a critical care unit, but no mortality occurred. This article can assist in understanding and dealing with Kawasaki disease-like manifestation of pediatric COVID-19 infection, especially in critical care settings, and its possible complications. It will help in a timely and appropriate decision-making regarding treatment and management of such cases.

Pulmonary embolism in the cases of tuberculosis (TB) infection has incited physicians and researchers to derive a reasonable association in the past few years. However, despite the efforts, pulmonary embolism is often misdiagnosed in the context of active TB. Pulmonary embolism in TB is still considered a rare phenomenon, even though it seems to be a probable risk factor based on the emerging literature. We report a case of a young man who presented with recurrent respiratory symptoms. He had no risk factors except a former history of smoking. We believe that the symptoms he had on the initial visit were misinterpreted in the background of TB infection. We followed the case for two months after he was discharged on anticoagulants and anti-TB medication. In this case report, we would like to emphasize the need to consider this occult phenomenon in order to rule out TB in cases of pulmonary embolism and vice versa. We hope that the management of TB in the future might take into account the chances of concomitant pathology of pulmonary embolism in patients with active TB.

Objective: The main goal of this literature review is to investigate and compare the current screening procedures for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in neonates. Cystic Fibrosis or CF is a lethal, genetic disease. The disease is neither too widespread nor too rare. There are more than 30,000 CF patients in the United States, and the number of CF carriers is still unidentified. CF affects more than one organ system in patient's body; due to this, there is no definitive treatment plan for the disease. The cure is dependent on the results of prenatal and postnatal diagnosis. The patients may exhibit all or few symptoms associated with the disease. Sometimes, symptoms are completely absent at the time of birth and become more prevalent with the age. Methods & Materials: We extensively studied the peer-reviewed scientific journals to understand the existing diagnostic and screening methods for cystic fibrosis. During our research, we kept the focus on newborn screening and evaluated the clinical data from previous studies. We retrieved tables and figures from electronic databases to indicate these results more effectively. We also analyzed the available information on sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of these screening programs. Result & Conclusion: The data indicates that sensitivity of neonatal screening programs is less than 90% (or even below 80% in some cases) when only one test is performed. However, sensitivity increases as the multi-stage approach is adopted. Besides, the CF detection rate is also influenced by multiple factors including ethnicity and age of the patient, duration of the study, type of CFTR mutation, nutritional habits, etc. Many studies need to be carried out to determine optimal cutoff values for both IRT and the sweat test. Genomics and computational biology can be used not only in identifying the other important CFTR mutations, but also in evaluating their impact on the patient's body.

The whole world is suffering from COVID-19 pandemic. This disease has halted life and has a negative impact on physical and mental health of all individuals. Objectives: To identify impact of BMI on Covid-19 clinical features and its management in terms of relationship among patients at government hospitals, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methodology: This study enrolled 206 patients having both genders and was carried at Life Diabetes Centre, Gujrat and CMH Kharian Medical College (CKMC), over a period of 3 months, Kharian-Pakistan following ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 17. Parameters like age, gender and treatment taken were presented as frequency. Chi square was applied to see the correlation with p-value <0.05 as significant. Results: Total 206 patients were randomly selected, 89 male and 117 females. Among 206, patients (n=133) showed symptoms while rest of the patients (73) remained asymptomatic. There was no association of BMI with COVID-19 symptoms having P-value greater than 0.05. There was an association of BMI with gender as P-value (0.000*). There was an association of BMI with age having P-value (0.000*). Conclusion: From present study, we concluded that there was a correlation between BMI and individuals with higher BMI as they developed more serious symptoms and required active management strategies in comparison to individuals who were either underweight or normal weight. Key Words: Covid-19, BMI, Treatment and Gender.