Purpose: To determine whether oil-pulling with sesame or coconut oil yields a better result in reducing Streptococcus mutans count compared to conventional chlorhexidine mouthwashes. Methods: Multiple databases were used to search for articles up to and including August 2019. Studies which reported use of oil-pulling and chlorhexidine mouthwashes to reduce Streptococcus mutans bacterial count were analyzed procedurally. Studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were then undertaken for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results: Five studies were included in this analysis, which used oil-pulling (test group) and chlorhexidine mouthwash (control group). The follow-up period ranged from 14 to 30 days. The oil used in oil-pulling group were either sesame or coconut oil. Quantitative analysis showed a significant reduction in oral Streptococcus mutans count with oil-pulling as compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash at follow-up (Q value = 6.61, DF = 4, I2 = 39.50%). Conclusion: Use of oil-pulling showed better result in reducing cariogenic bacterial count as compared to the gold standard chlorhexidine mouthwashes. More clinical trials, evaluating additional oral hygiene parameters, would further validate the effects of oil-pulling on the oral cavity. Clinicians may advise their patients to use oil-pulling instead of chlorhexidine mouthwashes, as it is safe, cost-effective, and easily available.
Resistin is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, expressed by cells of the immune-inflammatory cells. Levels of this cytokine were significantly increased in premalignant oral lesion tissues. “The association between inflammation and tumorigenesis is well established and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) links these two processes. EMT is a reversible process during embryonic development and is involved in organ fibrosis, tissue regeneration, wound healing and cancer progression. EMT endows cancer cells with enhanced abilities for migration, invasion and resistance to chemotherapy”. Resistin plays an important role in innate defense mechanisms. The immune-inflammatory response against microbes is caused by local tissue destruction, which is an attempt to wall off infection, and produces pro-inflammatory mediators such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) α, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Interleukin IL 1, IL 6, etc. Resistin’s role was strongly suggested in inflammation by TNF-α, IL-1β, 6 and lipopolysaccharide, by increasing its expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The process of inflammation may enable cancer cell to metastasize by encouraging mesenchymal properties and cancer cell stemness. The objective of this review was to assess potential early biomarkers of malignant transformation such as biomarkers that could assist in early diagnosis of individuals at high risk. The data was collected through a comprehensive search using the keywords, “Oral Pre-malignant Lesions, Resistin, Saliva, Tumorigenesis” from Medline and Google Scholar, from 2000 to 2019.
Introduction: Resistin, (Retn) a pro - inflammatory cytokine, accumulates at the site of inflammation. It is found to be elevated in chronic inflammation. The aim of this present study is to evaluate the levels of salivary resistin in healthy individuals and in patients with Oral pre-malignant lesion. Materials and Methods: This case control study comprises of total 90 patients which includes 45 healthy controls and 45 cases diagnosed with oral pre-malignant lesions. Salivary levels of resistin and clinical parameters were evaluated in all of them. Socio - demographic data (age, gender and residence) was collected from all participants through a questionnaire. In addition, we also recorded the total duration of tobacco usage (in years), daily frequency, and intra-oral examination and oral hygiene practices. This was followed by evaluation of clinical parameters of oral premalignant lesions and investigation of salivary levels of resistin through ELISA. Results: The saliva of all the patients showed presence of resistin. On analyzing the samples present study shows no significant difference and variation in the salivary levels of resistin in healthy and OPML patients. Conclusion: With the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in the salivary levels of resistin in healthy individuals and individuals diagnosed with oral pre-malignant lesion.
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