Objective: To evaluate the association of clinicopathological factors with radiation induced oral mucositis in patients with head and neck carcinoma . Methodology This cross sectional study was conducted at  Department of Neurospine and Cancer Institute,  Inclusion criteria were patients with confirmed non-metastatic carcinoma histologically, age range of > 20 and  70 years, patients requiring radical radiotherapy showing visible oral and oropharyngeal mucosa in the field of radiation (55 to 66 Gray). The exclusion criteria were: history of more than one tumour recurrence; prior history of radiation to the head and neck region; atypical liver and renal function; unusual haematological status; other deliberated medical conditions. Non-probability convenience sampling was used for  assesment of oral mucositis. Data was analysed by using SPSS version 23. Results:                                                 A total of 30 patients were included. The mean age was 43 years (25-70 years) and 76.7% were males. Right sided buccul mucosa was most common primary tumor site, 70%  cases belongs to middle-class families with 90%  has no previous family history. Histological grade 2 and grade 2 and grade 3 mucositis was mostly reported. Tobacco chewing and betel nut chewing is the most common habit. The most common site affected is  buccul mucosa, followed by the cheek and tongue. It has been observed that TNM staging and histological grading have shown significance in cases of oral mucositis. Conclusion: This study concludes that the oral mucositis is significantly associated with TNM staging and   histological grading of tumors. Male gender, elderly age, middle to low socioeconomic status,  tobacco and betal nut chewing , right sided buccal mucosa and stage II TNM staging. Grade 2 and grade 3 oral mucositis was  the most frequent clinicopathological factors associated with the development of head and neck cancer. Although previous family is not very frequent in our study population.

Objective: To determine the association of severity of anemia with depression among patients presenting with oral ulceration at Ziauddin University Dental OPD, Karachi, Pakistan. Materials and methods: It was an observational study conducted at the department of oral medicine and diagnosis of Ziauddin College of dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan for the duration of one year. One sixty one patients of age 20-50 years of either gender presenting with active aphthous stomatitis (burning sensation on NRS?2 and pain on NRS?3) from last 3-6 months were included in the study using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. All the patients were assessed for depression using Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-9) and anemia using CBC. PHQ-9 score?5 was deemed as depression positive and the hemoglobin (Hb) level less than 13 g/dL for men and less than 12 g/dL for women was deemed as anemia. Data regarding demographics along with characteristics of oral ulcerations were also noted on pre-designed proforma. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data. Results: Out of 161 patients with oral ulcers, depression was prevalent in 69%. About 37% of the patients were moderately anemic, 32% were severely anemic and 31% had mild anemia. The significant association was found between depression and severity of anemia (p=0.028). The factor such as age?35 years, female sex and multiple ulcer lesions among anemic and depressed patients were found statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that depression and anemia are significantly correlated and can increase the incidence of oral ulceration. Keywords: Oral ulcer, aphthous ulceration, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, depression, anemia, hemoglobin level

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the frequencies of problems associated with ectropion and entropion whether the subciliary or transconjunctival technique is employed to repair ZMC fractures. Methodology: 50 patients with ZMC fractures who underwent surgical treatment in Abbottabad's Ayub Medical College and Teaching Hospitals in 2021–2022 were included in this prospective hospital-based research. Pure ZMC Fractures were required for inclusion, while prior lid laxity, prevalence of trauma-related lid abnormalities, and pan face fractures were required for exclusion. Results: 50 patients in all were engaged over the study's time frame; 28 patients received surgery using the sub ciliary route, with a mean delay of 11.25 days amongst the trauma & the operation, & 22 patients’ used the trans conjunctival method, with a mean delay of 30.60 days. Twelve of the patients with ectropion were men and two were women. Men made up both of the entropion patients. Male patients made up more of the sub ciliary approach group (82%, 22/28) than female patients (18%, 6/28). 14% of patients (3/22) in the transconjunctival approach group were female, whereas 97% (19/22) were male. The gender distribution of the patients in the two clusters did not vary statistically significantly (p=0.12). Conclusion: In terms of postoperative issues like entropion and ectropion, the study's findings revealed that there is no discernible variance amongst the transconjunctival technique and the subciliary technique. It was challenging to draw any conclusions from this study's findings due to the time and patient constraints. Hence, it is advised to repeat the study with a bigger sample size in mandate to obtain more reliable results. Keywords: Transconjunctival approach, Subciliary approach, Road traffic accident (Rta)

Introduction: Resistin, (Retn) a pro - inflammatory cytokine, accumulates at the site of inflammation. It is found to be elevated in chronic inflammation. The aim of this present study is to evaluate the levels of salivary resistin in healthy individuals and in patients with Oral pre-malignant lesion. Materials and Methods: This case control study comprises of total 90 patients which includes 45 healthy controls and 45 cases diagnosed with oral pre-malignant lesions. Salivary levels of resistin and clinical parameters were evaluated in all of them. Socio - demographic data (age, gender and residence) was collected from all participants through a questionnaire. In addition,  we also recorded the total duration of tobacco usage (in years), daily frequency, and intra-oral examination and oral hygiene practices. This was followed by evaluation of clinical parameters of oral premalignant lesions and investigation of salivary levels of resistin through ELISA. Results: The saliva of all the patients showed presence of resistin. On analyzing the samples present study shows no significant difference and variation in the salivary levels of resistin in healthy and OPML patients. Conclusion: With the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in the salivary levels of resistin in healthy individuals and individuals diagnosed with oral pre-malignant lesion.