Organ transplantation must be viewed in relation to the prevailing cultural, religious and socio economic conditions of a nation. Over the past two decades, Pakistan has emerged as one of the largest centres for commercial renal transplantation. Government efforts, supported by professional associations, civil society organizations and the media, along with World Health Organization technical assistance, have led to the development of legislation regulating this practice and curbing organ trade in conformity with international guidelines. Although only two years have passed since the enactment of the law, there is evidence that conditions have significantly improved, raising hopes for ethical and safe organ transplantation in Pakistan. This study reviews the salient features of the legislation and lists the foreseeable evolving challenges and opportunities.
Aim:The purpose of the present experimental study was to assess the antihyperglycemic activity of ethanolic extract of Linum usitatissimum seeds and Glycyrrhiza glabra roots with standard drugs metformin and glimepiride in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats model. Materials and Methods: Total 42 Wistar albino rats were utilized in this study which separated into seven groups with six animals in each group. Negative controls for normal base line reading and was not induced with diabetes were administered 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl). and positive control i.e. in which diabetes was induced with streptozotocin were administered 0.9% sodium chloride Original Research Article
Introduction: Clinical Health Electives are an important part of academic curriculum in medical universities throughout the world. Electives are useful in developing personal and professional growth among students. Hence understanding the importance of electives among medical undergraduates on their academic life is important. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional based study was conducted among medical undergraduates in Karachi, Pakistan. A total number of 300 students from 3rd, 4th and 5th year of MBBS were taken as a sample. Consent was taken from the participants and questionnaire was filled from everyone. Study population was selected who did at least one clinical elective in their whole academic period. Results: According to our analysed results, undergraduate students from both private and public sector medical institutes perceived clinical electives as an advantage to themselves. Majority of the students saw their clinical and academic performances to be on a higher level. This shows that opting for electives regardless of its type (local or international) have proven to be fruitful for the undergraduates’ personal growth and academic career, allowing more scope for understudies to practice and enhance their skills they have only done a limited number of times, which inevitably leads to a steep learning curve. Conclusion: There was a positive influence of clinical electives observed among the students. Overall the academic and clinical performance of the undergraduates enhanced by opting clinical electives and has positive impact on them.
Objective: To compare the efficacy of fistulotomy with marsupialization vs fistulotomy alone in the treatment of simple low lying anal fistula in terms of wound healing and postoperative pain. Study Design: Randomized control trial Place and Duration: Department of General Surgery, JPMC Karachi, duration of Study was 6 months from 23rd Aug 2020 to 23rd Feb 2021. Methodology: Sixty patients of either gender having ages 25-60 years presented with low anal fistula were included in this study. Detailed demographics were recorded after taking informed written consent from all the patients. Patients were divided in to two groups. Fistulotomy was performed on 30 patients in group A and fistulotomy with marsupialization was performed on 30 patients in group B. Patients were asked to choose envelop labelled treatment A and treatment B for the randomization. All patients were followed up on 24 hours after surgery and on weekly interval up to 4 weeks to determine the outcomes in terms of wound healing and pain score. Data was analyzed by SPSS 23.0. Results: In group A mean age of patients was 43.633+8.568 years while in group B mean age was 41.800+9.813 years. The mean Pain score after 24 hours in group A was 6.100+0.922 while in group B it was 5.033+0.718 with overall mean Pain score after 24 hours of 5.566+0.980. The mean Pain score after 5th day in group A was 4.266+0.639 while in group B it was 2.833+0.698 with overall mean Pain score after 5th day of 3.550+0.981. In Group A efficacy was achieved in 4 patients (6.7%) while in Group B efficacy was achieved in 14 (23.3%) patients. Conclusion: Marsupialization of the wound after fistulotomy for low anal fistula results in faster wound healing and less mean post operative pain as compare to fistulotomy alone. Keywords: Low Anal Fistula, Marsupialization, Fistulotomy, Pain, Wound Healing
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