The world’s future development depends on effective human-computer linkages. From local to global, the virtual illustrations of a geographical place have to emphasize in an integrative approach peoples‘ key position in the Geosystem. Human values and social networks are now empowered by the unlimited creativity of smartphone applications. Our Geosystem grounded theory envisions that the sustainable management of natural resources is a lifelong learning environment where the poor communities have access to the new technological advances. This paper will attempt to show the effectiveness of Geomedia techniques in the Geosystems identification, evaluation, and valorization processes for the benefit of local inhabitants. This present research methodology uses smartphone apps, Google Earth environmental datasets, Global Positioning Systems, and WebGIS for a geographical investigation and objective assessment of regions throughout the world. The results demonstrate that self-sustainable Geosystems will always be capable to regulate, control and assess progress towards their dynamic equilibrium state, continuously adapting to environmental and societal changes.

Anthropogenic activities often compromise the water quality of natural water systems, rendering it unfit for domestic and agricultural use. This paper evaluates the effects of anthropogenic activities on the water quality of Ngong River in Nairobi County, Kenya. It aimed to assess the river’s physico-chemical parameters, identify major anthropogenic activities that act as pollutant sources and establish the relationship between the anthropogenic activities and water quality along the Ngong River. Twelve water samples were systematically collected in each of the twelve study sites in April and August 2021 and analyzed in the laboratory for various water quality parameters. The accumulation factor (AF) indicated that E. coli, total coliforms, BOD and COD were found to significantly build up downstream of Ngong River. The ANOVA test results showed that all the physicochemical parameters studied (BOD, E. coli, pH, total suspended solids, total coliforms, turbidity, conductivity, nitrates, oil and grease and TDS), except COD, were not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) for the different sites. Measured heavy metals, such as lead (Pb) levels at different sampled points, were all found to be below the detectable limit (0.001 ppm) for both seasons. Cadmium (Cd) was detectable during the dry season with the highest levels (0.113 ppm) being recorded at Ngong Forest Boundary. The findings of this study revealed that anthropogenic activities, such as raw sewage disposal, industrial activities, solid waste dumping and small-scale agriculture, had adverse effects on Ngong River’s water quality. The study recommends a need to closely monitor anthropogenic activities along Ngong River to reduce their probable pollution of the water in the River basin. This will ensure the sustainability of the water resources.

Temporal changes of sediment dynamics within the Nairobi River sub-basins between 1998-2006 time scale, Kenya The city of Nairobi is the heart of both industrial production and the economic hub in Kenya and the Eastern Africa region. The city of Nairobi and its environs are drained by three streams, namely: Nairobi, Mathare and Ngong rivers. These streams drain areas of diverse land use activities. The land use changes in a spatial manner from the rich agricultural system through residential cum urban to industrial. The significance of these various land use systems to pollutants generation, pollution, sediment generation and hence water pollution and quality degradation is quite enormous and worth investigation. The land use changes in a spatial manner making the basin ideal for a temporal variation of sediments yields along the river profile and their impacts on the water quality status. This paper examines the results of study carried out within the basins in the years 1998-2006. The method of study involved water sampling and laboratory analysis to reveal the trends in sediment load increases downstream the investigated streams. Soil samples were also investigated to determine their relationship to soil erosion rates and sediment fluxes. The study attempts further to find the best sediment management strategies in reversing their increasing trends and restoring water quality within the basin.

"Once the water is polluted, life is polluted; once the water is exhausted, civilization is exhausted; once the water disappears, the human being disappears;protecting the water resources is protecting the human being". Mingjun, J. (2010).

This paper presents a critical analysis of the water quality changes and their impacts on water resources within the Athi River Catchment and its implications of the people’s livelihoods. The paper analyses the effects of land use activities on water quality in the headwater areas of the basin which has a profound impacts on the downstream water uses within the basin. The paper in addition makes an attempt to relate the impacts of human activities on water quality degradation trends within the basin against the available and potential water resources in the basin. The Athi River is the second largest in Kenya and traverses areas of diverse land use activities from the more agricultural head water areas through the industrial hub of Kenya in Nairobi to the Indian Ocean discharging its waters near Malindi town north of Mombasa. The paper gives a detailed analysis of the impacts of human activities on the water resources in regard to water quality degradation, pollution and mitigation measures. The study was based on field data collection and measurements and laboratory analysis. The researcher used 10 sampling points located within the Nairobi sub-basin and distributed along the river profile to examine the trends in water quality degradation and its implication on human livelihoods in the basin. The researcher noted a declining trend in water quality status downstream the river profile. A close analysis of the water situation in the basin paints a blink future on the available water resources in the basin against the projected water uses and increasing population compounded by the impacts of water pollution and climate change. This is likely to increase incidences of water shortage and food insecurity in many parts of the basin. The researcher recommends more investments in water harvesting infrastructure, environmental conservation and adoption of modern water management technologies.