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ABSTRACT:This study discusses a tropical and a temperate forest route development to Mesehe and Pisoiu Waterfall supporting sustainable tourism development in Pohsanten Community, Bali, Indonesia and Bistra, Romania. It is a qualitative study using a combination of observation, direct participation and non-structured interviews as data collecting methods. Geo-data was collected during forest expeditions, interactions and interviews with local community members who participate in tourism. Re-establishing the geo-heritage supports sustainability to the people in terms of socio economic wellbeing, promotes legal use of forest and conservation. The study suggests 3 types of products: Village off road vehicle (ORV) recreation, mountain biking, and forest trekking. It concludes tourism could be a solution to the misuse of natural environment, brings about socio cultural and economic benefits to the members of the village; thus, sustainable tourism development for Pohsanten and Bistra communities.

The Yungas region geographical position on the Eastern slopes of Cordillera Real and the Făgăraș Mountains East-West alignment generated unique Geosystems. A single gravel road links La Paz with Amazonia Boliviana: El Camino de la Muerte and only one road crosses the Făgăraș Mountains: the Transfăgărășan. Mountain roads networks are connecting communities and their resources all over the world. This research is adding value to the old mountain roads systems using the new technical Geography advances and transforming them in tourist sites. The cultural ecosystem services have a growing popularity that can be valorized for the locals benefits if managed accordingly. This paper focuses on the special descending sections identification and assessment for the mountain recreational activities development. The North Yungas and the Făgăraș areas represent unique Geosystems from the Bolivian Andes and the Romanian Mountains, analyzed using Geomedia techniques. Here we show that our Death Road model can securely allow tourist access, increase locals' livelihood and protect mountain environments. Our research results prove that the South American Geosystem`s unique attributes can constitute a functional reference for a considerable number of world`s mountain routes future sustainable development.

The world’s future development depends on effective human-computer linkages. From local to global, the virtual illustrations of a geographical place have to emphasize in an integrative approach peoples‘ key position in the Geosystem. Human values and social networks are now empowered by the unlimited creativity of smartphone applications. Our Geosystem grounded theory envisions that the sustainable management of natural resources is a lifelong learning environment where the poor communities have access to the new technological advances. This paper will attempt to show the effectiveness of Geomedia techniques in the Geosystems identification, evaluation, and valorization processes for the benefit of local inhabitants. This present research methodology uses smartphone apps, Google Earth environmental datasets, Global Positioning Systems, and WebGIS for a geographical investigation and objective assessment of regions throughout the world. The results demonstrate that self-sustainable Geosystems will always be capable to regulate, control and assess progress towards their dynamic equilibrium state, continuously adapting to environmental and societal changes.

Romanian Wild Carpathia constitutes the ultimate pristine wilderness of the old European continent. Carpathian Mountains landscape experiences and outdoor recreation represents quite unique cultural ecosystem services. The new annotations to the Forest Law are restricting any public access in the woods without authorities' pre-approval for organised sport, leisure and tourism activities. However, off road vehicle (ORV) recreation is a popular activity and a growing transparency concern of National Forest Administration Authorities that is not managed accordingly. Here we show that our ORV recreation frame model can securely allow public access and protect all Romanian mountains. Our results demonstrate how growing ORV recreation popularity can be used in an honest and open way if it is well organized and controlled. We anticipate our assay to be a starting point for a regional and national forest administration sustainable development plan. Furthermore, stopping illegal forest activities is a major target of the anti-logging movement. A well-defined assay for the ORV recreation frame model will be relevant for such developments.

The Indian Himalayan ranges with towering snowclad peaks and deep valley river rapids present a variety of common geographical features. The high mountain environments gained social values due to the influence of the human ancient cultures. The spiritual dimension of the geographical space generated its unique attributes. This research investigates some of the most intriguing mountain locus which are defined by a cumulus of special characteristics. We identified the uniqueness generating factors using the geomedia techniques. Furthermore, this study analyses the interconnection between Hemkund Sahib and Valley of Flowers Geosystems` different components. Our research findings present the functionality of two selected dynamic Himalayan geosystems in a significant equilibrium state. This result of this paper will contribute to the preservation of Hemkund Sahib and Valley of Flowers' unique features and future promotion using the new technical Geography advances.

Tourism plays a crucial role in alleviating poverty deprivations and achieving sustainable development. Nevertheless, there is a lack of literature regarding evaluating poor residents’ perceptions of the impacts of tourism on poverty alleviation from the perspective of multidimensional poverty. Taking Fenghuang County, China, as the study area, this study established an evaluation framework by using the Delphi method based on multidimensional poverty theory. Moreover, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was employed to identify the weight of each indicator and assess poor residents’ perceptions of the impacts of tourism on poverty alleviation. The results indicate that tourism economic development has been a momentous contributor to alleviating multidimensional poverty in study locations to a certain extent (3.180). However, there is still room for improvement and promotion. With respect to various dimensions, the mean of economic level is the highest (1.125), whilst the means of education training (0.420) and health care (0.819) are relatively lower than the other dimensions.

Despite the recognition of the relationship between technological innovation and tourism development, there is a dearth of rigorous empirical specifications to examine the effect of technological innovation on the latter. With 27 cities of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA) in China as an empirical case, this study explores whether technological innovation can promote tourism development by using a series of panel regression models. The empirical results indicate that technological innovation has a positive effect on the development of tourism in the YRDUA. With respect to different regions, types of cities, and stages, there are differences in the positive impact of technological innovation on tourism development. Additionally, the impact of different types of technological innovations on tourism development is also diverse.