BACKGROUND: Antioxidant capacity of the chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions of the aerial parts of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull (Ericaceae) has been assessed in this study. Antioxidant capacity of the plant was screened by assays of 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide scavenging, metal-chelating activity and reducing power. Butylated hydroxyanisole was used as reference in all assays; ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid was also used as reference in the assay of metal-chelating activity. Total phenolic contents of the fractions were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method.
Sage is commonly consumed as a herbal tea in Anatolia, where not only Salvia species, but also Sideritis species are called "sage" by the local people. Therefore, it was decided to investigate the most common species of sage-called plants sold in aktars. Eighty-seven samples randomly purchased from 21 provinces throughout Turkey were identified, which finally led to the identification of 7 species; Salvia tomentosa, Salvia fruticosa, Sideritis congesta, Sideritis pisidica var. termessi, Sideritis arguta, Sideritis perfoliata and Sideritis libanotica subsp. linearis. Infusions prepared from all samples were preliminarily tested for their antioxidant activity and 7 representative species were further evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, ferrous ion-chelating and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 mg ml-1 and for their antiacetylcholinesterase activity. The infusions were subjected to the DPPH bioautographic revelatory test, which led to the conclusion that a flavonoid derivative seemed to be responsible for the antioxidant activity in Sideritis congesta and S. pisidica var. termessi
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