Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related disorder and considered as one of the major reasons of infants and mothers death in developed nations. HELLP disorder is a problem related to childbirth that usually happens in women with intense preeclampsia and associated with different features, including hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count. Due to normal hepatic markers during pregnancy, our purpose is to examine these factors in pregnant women and their association with disorders such as preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. This case-control study included 99 Iranian pregnant women that were divided into two group including preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. Samples were collected from Ahvaz city. We measured liver enzymes activity (ALT, AST, and ALP), total bilirubin and direct bilirubin and blood platelets by calorimeter methods in both groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the platelet level in both groups. However, we found a significant difference in the serum level of ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin between two groups (p<0.05), while the result related to direct bilirubin was not significant at the end of the study. The outcomes related to this study show that hepatic biomarkers in pregnant women with preeclampsia was higher than normal pregnant women, therefore, we can predict more likely to develop HELLP syndrome in pregnant women with preeclampsia.
The relentlessly beating heart has the greatest oxygen consumption of any organ in the body at rest reflecting its huge metabolic turnover and energetic demands. The vast majority of its energy is produced and cycled in form of ATP which stems mainly from oxidative phosphorylation occurring at the respiratory chain in the mitochondria. A part from energy production, the respiratory chain is also the main source of reactive oxygen species and plays a pivotal role in the regulation of oxidative stress. Dysfunction of the respiratory chain is therefore found in most common heart conditions. The pathophysiology of mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction in hereditary cardiac mitochondrial disease, the aging heart, in LV hypertrophy and heart failure, and in ischaemia-reperfusion injury is reviewed. We introduce the practicing clinician to the complex physiology of the respiratory chain, highlight its impact on common cardiac disorders and review translational pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies.
Unlike genetic mutations, epigenetic disruptions are reversible therefore, it can be a promising idea to treat cancer. This strategy can be a new view in order to management and treatment cancer however, understanding of this idea has dire require performing further studies. In addition, researcher should be considering that this idea has to not obvious side effect and it leaded not to prominent damage. In this study, we review effect of cancer treatment based on epigenetic strategy. Finally, we found the promising effect of this idea while other aspects of a useful therapy have to perform in further studies.
Background
The initial objective and opinion of this study is introducing the clinical results of the 99mTc-MIBI complex radiolabelling utilizing ultrasound method as an approach for labeling MIBI kits with 99mTc instead of applying a boiling water bath as a usual and standard method.
Materials and methods
Twenty MIBI kits were bought for twenty patient volunteers. 555–3330 MBq (15–90 mCi) freshly eluted solution of Na+ 99mTcO4− was added to freeze-dry MIBI Kits. Moreover, ten kits were labeled applying ultrasound radiation method as an alternative approach (The vials were sonicated in thermo noted bath (Elma, P = 50 W, Germany) at 60\(\text{℃}\) and for 60 seconds), and other kits were provided applying boiling water bath method as a standard approach. Twenty patient volunteers (8 men and 12 women; age range 30–72, median 52.45 years) took part in this research. These people had gone to the hospital for myocardial perfusion imaging. These twenty volunteer patients were divided into two groups (every group contains ten people): group A (involving 3 men and 7 women with an age range from 36 to 67 years and a mean age of 51.7 years), and group B (involving 5 men and 5 women with an age range from 30 to 72 years and an average age of 50.3 years). The 99mTc-MIBI complex samples provided by ultrasound method were injected into group A subjects intravenously and group B received 99mTc-MIBI vials provided by boiling water bath approach (intravenous injection). In this research, the myocardial perfusion-SPECT was handled applying a rest-stress protocol which is done two isolated days for all volunteer patients.
Results
The results provided in this research applying radio-HPLC and ITLC, indicate that radio-labeling of MIBI vial with 99mTc can be provided with high effectiveness and appropriate acceptance applying ultrasound method as a novel approach. The imaging research applying SPECT indicated that the 99mTc-MIBI complex samples that were made ready applying ultrasound irradiation approach indicate very similar biodistribution in the heart, thyroid, lung, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, stomach, GI and bladder of the volunteer patients. Non-habitual aggregation of 99mTc-MIBI samples were not observed in our approach.
Conclusions
This research indicated that sonication approach can be proposed for providing 99mTc-MIBI radio-complex samples. The reaction time to provide radio-complex can be considerably decreased compared to the boiling water bath approach. This main development may decrease potential risk to the patient to inhibit any delay in emergency situations like acute therapy, especially for myocardial infarction patients in clinical practice.
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