No abstract

Niazian M., Sadat Noori S.A., Galuszka P., Mortazavian S.M.M. (2017): Tissue culture-based Agrobacterium-mediated and in planta transformation methods. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 53: 133−143.Gene transformation can be done in direct and indirect (Agrobacterium-mediated) ways. The most efficient method of gene transformation to date is the Agrobacterium-mediated method. The main problem of this method is that some plant species and mutant lines are recalcitrant to regeneration. Requirements for sterile conditions for plant regeneration are another problem of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The development of a genotype-independent gene transformation method is of great interest in many plants. Some Agrobacteriummediated gene transformation methods independent of tissue culture are reported in individual plants and crops. Generally, these methods are called in planta gene transformation. In planta transformation methods are free from somaclonal variation and easier, quicker, and simpler than transformation methods based on tissue culture. Vacuum infiltration, injection of Agrobacterium culture into plant tissues, pollen-tube pathway, floral dip and floral spray are the main methods of in planta transformation. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Simplicity and reliability are the primary reasons for the popularity of the in planta methods. These methods are much faster than regular Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation based on tissue culture and success can be achieved by non-experts. In the present review, we highlight all methods of in planta transformation comparing them with regular Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods based on tissue culture. Finally, successful recent transformations using these methods are presented.

No abstract

Since laser beam may affect plant traits, it was used to enhance accumulation of proline in rapeseed and therefore to improve its tolerance to the salinity stress. This investigation was performed to study the effect of NaCl concentration in irrigated water (0, 100, 200 and 300 mmol NaCl) on proline accumulation of Canola (Brassica napus L.) after laser irradiation (Red, Infra-red and Nd:YAG) at two exposure treatments. In each exposure, seeds were irradiated for three minutes once or twice by the laser set. Free proline content in leaves increased significantly by increasing of NaCl concentration. Also proline content significantly increased with irradiation by laser beam. The Red laser irradiation used once and the Nd:YAG laser used twice had the greatest effect on the proline content whereas the Infrared laser had a low effect. Double application of irradiation induced a significantly higher amount of proline in the leaves compared to only one application. This is the first report on using different lasers irradiation on proline content in a winter rapeseed.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is an important medicinal plant with used for various purposes in different industries. In this study 25 different ecotypes of fennel from all over Iran were collected and their genetic diversity studied by seven ISSR primers. Seven ISSR primers generated 52 amplified fragments, of which 49 were polymorphic. The highest similarity coefficient among the ecotypes was between Chahestan and Haji abad whereas the minimum similarity coefficient observed between Fozveh and Moqan. In most cases, classifications were consistent with their geographical distribution for some ecotypes (like Givi and Khalkhal in close distance) and although with similarity in climate (like Damavand and Alamot with same climate). This study revealed that ISSR marker could properly separate these ecotypes based on geographical distribution and similarity in climates and showed the wide genetic diversity among Iranian fennels. In term of conservation program, it is highly recommended at least one conservation program for several accessions with near genetical distance should be conducted.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract