Background: Dementia affects mental health and psychological capital indicators, which disappear with gradual deterioration in mental and cognitive functions. Gradual loss of ability to function independently can cause negative emotional symptoms and even further reduce cognitive and functional impairment. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on psychological capital in the elderly with dementia. Methods: The current quasi-experimental research was performed following a pre and -post test design with a control group. The effect of cognitive rehabilitation on psychological capital of patients aged 60 - 74 years who were admitted to the private Tehran clinics during 2020 was assessed. The convenience sampling method was used to select the participants. So that among eligible patients who had inclusion criteria, 11 were selected and then randomly divided into two groups. Lutans Psychological Capital Questionnaire was used to collect data. After the treatment, a post-test was carried out for all study groups. Data analysis was performed by analysis of covariance. Results: The results of the analysis of covariance indicated the effectiveness cognitive rehabilitation on psychological capital in the elderly with dementia (P < 0.05).

The elderly population of the world is growing fast. The aging phenomenon causes changes in the body’s systems, leading to mental and emotional disorders. Dementia is established as one of the most important challenges associated with the aging process. In this respect, the Montessori-based cognitive rehabilitation program is an increasingly popular choice in dementia care. Therefore, we decided to conduct a review study on the effect of Montessori therapy on different psychological aspects of the elderly with dementia. This narrative review was performed using narrative synthesis. An extensive literature search was performed in databases of ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ISI Web of Knowledge using OR, AND, and NOT operators and the selected keywords. Only studies published in journals between March 2010 and March 2022 were used for this purpose. The articles chosen in this study were those that have studied the effect of a Montessori-based cognitive rehabilitation program on the elderly with dementia. Studies that involved the Montessori program on other neurological disorders were excluded. Finally, 32 articles were selected from the final evaluation. It can be concluded that the Montessori program effectively reduces anxiety, destructive behavior, and agitation, increases pleasure, hope, optimism, job satisfaction, social skills, and cognitive function, and improves the quality of life and feeding capacity.

People with knee OA are more likely to fall, which is a major public health concern because it can lead to serious injuries and trips to the hospital. Despite the greater balance disorders, and fall prevalence among patients with knee OA, the field of study in this population has received less attention. This study aims to review articles using different interventions for balance improvement and fall prevention in individuals with knee OA. An extensive literature search was performed in the databases of Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ISI Web of Knowledge using OR, AND, and NOT operators and the selected keywords. Only studies written in English and published in journals from 2010 to May 2022 were used for this purpose. The studies that have examined the effect of various therapies on balance improvement and fall prevention in the individuals with knee OA were the ones that were selected for this study. Studies that examined balance and falls in the osteoarthritis of other joints, as well as those involving other disabilities that affect balance and stability were excluded from the study. Finally, 34 articles were selected from the final evaluation. Most of the studies showed that exercise and dance could be effective to improve balance and reducing falls in patients with knee OA. It can be concluded that these interventions can help individuals with knee OA enhance their balance and reduce their risk of falling. Therefore, they might be viewed as promoting this population's health. Although games and neuroscientific interventions can be effective, more studies are needed in this field. Moreover, there are contradictory results regarding the effect of orthotics.

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