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In this study, orange seed proteins were hydrolyzed by Alcalase enzyme at different enzyme concentrations 1–3% (v/w) and hydrolysis times (2–5 h), to obtain bioactive peptides showing antioxidant, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) -inhibitory, and hypoglycemic activities. The highest biological activities (p < 0.05) were achieved by using a hydrolysis time of 5 h and an enzyme concentration of 2%. Orange seed protein hydrolysate (OSPH) was prepared under these conditions, and peptides were isolated and purified by using size-exclusion chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The fractions that showed the highest biological activities were analyzed by mass spectrometry in tandem, and a total of 63 peptide sequences were found. Moreover, the effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the bioactivity of the fractions was studied, and the novel peptide sequences generated were also identified. Overall, despite there being some differences in the profile of peptide sequences obtained, the main results showed non-significant differences in the analyzed bioactivities after simulated gastrointestinal digestion.

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Recently, the use of bioactive compounds in improving human health has received more attention. The aim of the present study was to hydrolyze orange seed proteins using pepsin enzyme to obtain bioactive peptides as well as to study the stability of such activity after simulated gastrointestinal digestion conditions. The method was optimized using different enzyme concentrations from 1% to 3%, hydrolysis times between 2 and 5 h, and an optimal temperature of 33 °C. Biological activities including α-glucosidase inhibition, α-amylase inhibition, Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACEI) inhibition, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were evaluated. According to the results, a significant higher value of the biological activity (p < 0.05) was observed using an enzyme ratio of 0.03 E/S and hydrolysis time of 3.5 h. After size-exclusion chromatography separation, fractions 45–49 and 50–54 showed the highest biological roles such as antioxidant, ACEI inhibitory, and hypoglycemic. Fractions with the highest biological activity were purified using RP-HPLC and analyzed using nano-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The results obtained after simulated gastrointestinal digestion indicated that peptide fractions obtained after chromatographic separation significantly maintain their activity.

Objective: We evaluated associations between food insecurity (FI) and the quality and quantity of sleep in adults (≥18 years). Design: The current study represented a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Setting: Databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception until June 06, 2022. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models, and effect sizes were reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subjects: Data from ten eligible observational studies, including 83,764 participants, were included. Results: FI was associated with an increased risk of poor sleep quality (OR=1.45; 95% CI:1.24-1.70, I 2 =95, P<0.001, n=7). Besides, subgroup analysis showed increased risk of poor sleep quality corresponding to the severity of FI across mild (OR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.16-1.48, I 2 =0%, P<0.001, n=5), moderate (OR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.32-1.68, I 2 =0%, P<0.001, n=5), and severe (OR=1.89; 95% CI: 1.63-2.20, I 2 =0%, P<0.001, n=5) levels. Similarly, subgroup analysis by sleep problems showed that FI was associated with an increased the risk of trouble falling asleep (OR=1.39; 95% CI: 1.05-1.83, I 2 =91%, P=0.002, n=3) and trouble staying asleep (OR=1.91; 95% CI: 1.37-2.67, I 2 =89%, P<0.001, n=3). Moreover, FI was associated with the odds of shorter (OR=1.14; 95% CI:1.07-1.21, I 2 =0%, P<0.001, n=4) and longer sleep duration (OR=1.14; 95% CI:1.03-1.26, I 2 =0%, P=0.010, n=4). Conclusions: Collective evidence supports that FI is associated with poor sleep quality and quantity in adults. Preventative and management strategies that address FI may provide health benefits beyond improving nutritional status per se.