Backround:
Lupinus albus is a member of Fabaceae family. As a natural or cultivated plant, Lupinus albus is distributed in Europe, Balkans and Turkey, especially in Marmara and Aegean regions. The lupine is a nutritious and protective
plant against diabetes.
Objective:
In the present study, the effects of Lupinus albus fruits on malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH),
total protein, ADEK vitamins, and cholesterol values, which are the indicators of oxidative damage and antioxidant defense.
In this regard, muscle, liver, renal, and brain tissues of STZ-induced type I diabetes rats were studied.
Methods:
The analyzes of ADEK vitamins and cholesterol levels in tissues were performed via Shimadzu HPLC device.
The lipid peroxidation levels were measured at 532 nm in spectrophotometer. Determination of GSH was read at 412 nm
against blank, and for the total protein levels Lowry method was applied.
Results:
According to the results obtained, it was determined that, among the rats with induced type I diabetes, the group
applied lupine fruit extract was found to have increased GSH level and decreased MDA levels in all the tissues. The protein
values were increased in liver tissues but decreased in the other tissues. The level of vitamins were significantly increased in
almost all the tissues in diabetic group.
Conclusion:
In the present study, it was shown that the lupine reduced the devastating effects of type I diabetes by decreasing the fasting blood glucose and lipid peroxidation values and increasing the glutathione level in comparison to the diabetic
group.
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of arbutin (ARB) against brain injury induced in rats with potassium bromate (KBrO3). The rats were divided into four groups as Group 1: Control (0.9% NaCl ml/kg/day p.), Group 2: KBrO3 (100 mg/kg (gavage), Group 3: ARB (50 mg/kg/day p.), and Group 4: KBrO3 + ARB (100 mg/kg (gavage) + 50 mg/kg/day p.). At the end of the fifth day of the study, the rats in all groups were killed, and their brain tissues were collected. In the collected brain tissues, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were measured, and routine histopathological examinations were made. The MDA levels in the group that was exposed to KBrO3 were significantly higher than those in the control group (p ˂ 0.001). In comparison to the KBrO3 group, the MDA levels in the KBrO3 + ARB group were significantly lower (p ˂ 0.001). It was observed that SOD and CAT enzyme activity levels were significantly lower in the KBrO3 group compared to the control group (p ˂ 0.001), while these levels were significantly higher in the KBrO3 + ARB group than in the KBrO3 group (p ˂ 0.001). Additionally, the group that was subjected to KBrO3 toxicity, as well as ARB administration, had much lower levels of histopathologic signs than the group that was subjected to KBrO3 toxicity only. Consequently, it was found that KBrO3 exposure led to injury in the brain tissues of the rats, and using ARB was effective in preventing this injury.
This study investigated the concentrations of some accumulated trace metals (iron, manganese, zinc and copper) and fatty acids in liver and muscle tissues of mirror and scaly carp varieties (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) living in Keban Dam Reservoir (Elazig), which is the second‐largest artificial lake in Turkey that hosts commercially valuable and preferred fish varieties for human consumption. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) method was used to analyse the concentrations of trace elements. Fatty acid levels were measured in a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) device, using a flame ionization detector (FID). Considering the two fish varieties and tissues that were studied, the mean metal concentrations (μg g−1) were found in the following ranges: Fe 12.32–49.97, Mn 0.12–0.62, Zn 10.45–86.59 and Cu 2.74–11.86. Although the lowest levels were detected in the muscle tissue for all the metals examined, the levels in the liver tissue were significantly higher. According to the results of the analyses on fatty acid concentrations, the mean total saturated fatty acid levels in the muscle tissue of the scaly carp and mirror carp varieties were found to be 31.07 and 31.43 (%), respectively, whereas these values for the liver tissue were consecutively 22.36 and 22.08 (%). Successively, the mean total levels of unsaturated fatty acids were determined as 68.93 and 68.40 (%) in the muscle tissue and 77.64 and 77.92 in the liver tissue. This study, with the finding that the trace (metallic) element accumulation rates were below the upper limits of the tolerable range, and the examined fish varieties were rich in fatty acids, shows that mirror carp and scaly carp living in Keban Dam Reservoir are highly nutritious for human diets.
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