This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant effects of Naringin, in ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R)-induced skeletal muscle injury in rats. The rats were randomly allocated into three groups including control, I/R and I/R + Naringin groups. Muscle tissues of I/R groups revealed significantly higher antioxidant enzyme activities, and increased levels of malondialdehyde, as specific a marker of the lipid peroxidation and tissue damage, compared to the control group (p50.05). Levels of these parameters in muscle revealed significant reductions in the I/R + Naringin group compared to the I/R group (p50.05). Histopathological examination of ischemia muscles in the I/R group showed significant degeneration and inflammation compared to the control group, whereas ischemic muscles of Naringin-administered group showed significant reduction in degeneration and inflammation compared to the I/R group (p50.05). We suggest that the protective effect of Naringin may reduce the I/R injury in cases of extremity injuries with acute vascular complications, extremity surgery with prolonged tourniquet application.
A relentless race continues without interruption between the countries. The competition, pursued for different purposes in each continent and region, has international and even global consequences: economic, political, legal, and diplomatic attitudes and behaviors are affected, causing new issues.
ÖZET Amaç: Alt ekstremite iskemi reperfüzyon (I/R) hasarını önlemede Quercetin'in koruyucu etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem:Çalışmada 30 adet 250-350 gr ağırlığında Sprague-Dawley cinsi erkek sıçanlar üç gruba ayrıldı. Birinci gruptaki sıçanlara iskemi-reperfüzyon işlemi yapılmaksızın anestezi işlemi, ikinci gruptaki sıçanların sol alt ekstremitelerine turnike yardımıyla 2 saat iskemi, 2 saat reperfüzyon, üçüncü gruba ise iskemi başlatılmadan 45 dk. önce 50 mg/kg (ip) quercetin uygulamasının ardından 2 saat iskemi, 2 saat reperfüzyon uygulaması yapıldı. Süre sonunda sıçanlardan doku örnekleri alınarak, total antioksidan kapasite (TAS) ve total oksidan statüsü (TOS) düzeyleri değerlendirildi. Bulgular: TAS değerlendirildiğinde; I/R grubunda kontrol grubuna oranla meydana gelen azalışın (p˂0.001) anlamlı, kontrol grubuna oranla I/R+Q grubundaki azalışın (p˂0.05), yine I/R grubuna oranla, I/R+Q grubunda meydana gelen artışın (p˂0.001) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlendi. TOS miktarları değerlendirildiğinde I/R grubunda kontrol grubuna oranla meydana gelen artışın (p˂0.001), kontrol grubuna oranla I/R+Q grubundaki artışın (p˂0.05), I/R grubuna oranla, I/R+Q grubunda meydana gelen azalışın (p˂0.001) istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlendi.Sonuç: Sıçanlarda deneysel Alt Ekstremite İskemi-Reperfüzyon Hasarında Quercetinin koruyucu etkisi olduğu ve meydana gelen hasarı azalttığı belirlendi.Anahtar Kelimeler: İskemi/reperfüzyon yaralanması, Quercetin, alt ekstremite ABSTRACT Objective: It was aimed to determine the protective effectiveness of quercetin in preventing lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Material and Methods:30 Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 250-350 g were divided into three groups. Anaesthesia was applied to the first group of rats without ischemia-reperfusion process. To the second group two hours of ischemia and two hours of reperfusion, with the help of left lower extremities tourniquet , were applied. To the third group, 50mg/kg (ip) quercetin application was performed 45 minutes before the ischemia was initiated, two hours of ischemia and two hours of reperfusion application were carried out. At the end of the process, by taking the tissue samples, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels were evaluated.Results: When TAS was evaluated, it was determined that the decrease (p˂0.001) occurring in I/R group in comparison with the control group was significant, the decrease (p˂0.05) in I/R+Q group in comparison with control group, and again the increase (p˂0.001) in I/R+Q group in comparison with I/R group was also significant. When the TOS amounts were evaluated, it was determined that the increase (p˂0.001) occurring in I/R group in comparison with control group, the increase in I/R+Q group in comparison with control group (p˂0.05), the decrease in I/R+Q group in comparison with I/R group was statistically significant. Conclusion:It has been determined that quercetin has protective effect and decrease the injury occurred in ...
Özetİlimler zamanla çehresini değiştirir. XX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı itibariyle tarih; siyasi ve askeri olayları ele alan bir disiplin olmaktan çıkarak, doğrudan hayatı ve onun akışını inceleyen bir ilim dalı haline gelmiştir. Hayattan kastedilen sadece insanın hayatıdır. Olaylar insanı ilgilendirdiği müddetçe tarihin konusudur. Tarih sadece siyasi olayların, savaşların ve mücadelelerin yanında "doğrudan hayatı da" incelemektedir. Hayattan kast edilen "insan hayatı" olup yaşanandan, daha doğrusu yaşanmış olandan elde kalan, geçmiş dönemlerin küçük bir kesitidir. Geçmişten kalabilenlerin çoğu, yerleşik yaşamda korunmuşlardır diyebiliriz. Elde kalanlar o yerin yerleşim biriminin tarihini enine boyuna ortaya koymaya yarayacak şeylerdir. Yerleşim yerinin bizzat kendisi belge niteliğindedir. Yollar, hanlar, hamamlar, çeşmeler, bağlar, bahçeler, mezarlar, ibadet yerleri, kaleler, köprüler, evler, kullanım araçları gibi. Şehir tarihçiliğinin son zamanlarda gelişme göstermesi sevindiricidir. Çünkü şehrin bizzat kendisi "hayatın bakiyesi" olan kalıntıların yani tarih biliminin kaynaklarının başında gelmektedir. Ödemiş Camisinden daha önce başka insanlar yararlanmışlardır. Şehir mezarları da aynı şekilde hayatları birleştirmektedir. Bağ ve bahçelerinden daha önceleri başkaları da yararlanmışlardır. Dünden başlayarak bugüne ulaşanlar geçmişten kendilerinin ötesinde toplumun kültürünü de getirirler. Kültürün de unsurları dikkati çeker. İnsanlar miras olarak haleflerine bir takım eşyalar ya da belgeler bırakabilir. Hatta şu anda onlara sahip olanlar ne kadar da değerli olan kaynakları korumaktadırlar. 1893 senesinde Ödemiş'te, Orman Süvari Memuru Şükrü'nün bir oğlu dünyaya gelir. Local Elements of an Author's from Ödemiş AbstractChange over time, the face of Sciences. XX. As the second half of the century history, from being a discipline dealing with the political and military events, direct the flow of life and its viewing has become a scientific discipline. Life is meant not only human life. The events of history as long as people are concerned. Date only political events, wars and struggles, next to the "direct life is also" investigates. Life is meant "human life" and what occurred, rather than the one obtained from experienced occupy a small subset of past periods. Most of the past could add, say the built-in life are protected. Those who obtained at length the history of the settlement of that place will be helpful to put forward. The document itself is a residential area. Roads, houses, baths, fountains, vineyards, gardens, cemeteries, places of worship, castles, bridges, houses, use tools. City historians show the pleasing development in recent times. Because of the city itself, "life balance", which is one of the sources of history that remains. Have paid other people have benefited from earlier mosque. City tombs combines life in the same way. Bond and others previously benefited from their gardens. From the past to arrive yesterday so bring the culture of the society beyond them. Worth noting that the elements of...
This study investigated the concentrations of some accumulated trace metals (iron, manganese, zinc and copper) and fatty acids in liver and muscle tissues of mirror and scaly carp varieties (Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) living in Keban Dam Reservoir (Elazig), which is the second‐largest artificial lake in Turkey that hosts commercially valuable and preferred fish varieties for human consumption. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) method was used to analyse the concentrations of trace elements. Fatty acid levels were measured in a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) device, using a flame ionization detector (FID). Considering the two fish varieties and tissues that were studied, the mean metal concentrations (μg g−1) were found in the following ranges: Fe 12.32–49.97, Mn 0.12–0.62, Zn 10.45–86.59 and Cu 2.74–11.86. Although the lowest levels were detected in the muscle tissue for all the metals examined, the levels in the liver tissue were significantly higher. According to the results of the analyses on fatty acid concentrations, the mean total saturated fatty acid levels in the muscle tissue of the scaly carp and mirror carp varieties were found to be 31.07 and 31.43 (%), respectively, whereas these values for the liver tissue were consecutively 22.36 and 22.08 (%). Successively, the mean total levels of unsaturated fatty acids were determined as 68.93 and 68.40 (%) in the muscle tissue and 77.64 and 77.92 in the liver tissue. This study, with the finding that the trace (metallic) element accumulation rates were below the upper limits of the tolerable range, and the examined fish varieties were rich in fatty acids, shows that mirror carp and scaly carp living in Keban Dam Reservoir are highly nutritious for human diets.
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