The recent development of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) drugs has revolutionized the area of hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapeutics but the efficacy and clinical outcome of interferon (IFN)‐free therapy have not been extensively studied yet. We observed a dramatic increase in hypothyroidism among patients treated with sofosbuvir, IFN, and ribavirin. This is the first prospective study of the thyroid dysfunction in DAA drugs treated patients. This study compared the risk of hypothyroidism in two different groups of HCV patients treated with different DAA drugs regimens that were sofosbuvir + pegylated‐IFN‐α + ribavirin and sofosbuvir + daclatasvir + ribavirin. Our findings highlight the periodic screening of serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone and T4 levels in HCV infected patients during the treatment and posttreatment.
Agriculture, which has historically been the main employment generating sector, is still very important in newly industrializing countries such as Turkey. Theoretically, it is thought that its share in GNP will decrease over time, but the depth of the decrease will depend on the economic impact of agriculture. One way to measure this effect is to adapt the Phillips curve for the agricultural sector. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse the validity of the Phillips curve in the Turkish agricultural sector. The study is conducted by the Augmented Dickey Fuller, Phillips Perron and Zivot-Anders Unit Root Tests as well as Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Autoregressive Distributed Lag tests via TURKSTAT 2014Q1-2020Q3 dataset. Reviewing these test, we find that the cointegration coefficient calculated by the NARDL model is negative, yet statistically significant. Accordingly, the short-term imbalances are eliminated in the long-run and the system converges to the long-run equilibrium values. Nonetheless, since the coefficient is greater than one, it is a sign of significant fluctuations in the convergence of the system to the long-term equilibrium. Additionally, the long-run negative cointegrated relationship of unemployment and inflation indicates that the Phillips Curve is valid in Turkish agricultural sector.
Tax revenues are one of the main factors necessary for the continuation of the economic activities of the countries. Tax revenues are of vital importance for countries. Collection of all accrued taxes increases public revenues. However, not all accrued taxes can be collected. In the study, the relationship between the accrual/collection rate of taxes and economic growth was investigated using annual data for the period 1970-2020. ARDL Boundary Test is used to investigate the relationship between the variables. According to the results of the study, there is a significant long-term relationship between tax collection rates and economic growth. In addition, according to the results of the long-term coefficient equation, a positive and significant result was determined between the accrual/collection rate of taxes and economic growth.
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