This research was conducted to determine the effects of different fertilizer forms (control, diammonium phosphate, urea, phosphorus and bacteria) on yield and yield components of some chickpea varieties (Gokce, Diyar 95, Aziziye 94 and Taek-Sagel) in Diyarbakir, Turkey, during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. In the study, plant height, plant biomass, pod weight, seed yield per plant, number of pods and number of seeds per pod, biological yield, grain yield, 100-seed weight and harvest index were evaluated. The effect of fertilizer treatments on chickpea varieties for all traits were significant, except 100-seed weight, and harvest index. Grain yield ranged from 1274 kg ha-1 to 1479 kg ha-1 among treatments. The control group (1479 kg ha-1), urea (1478 kg ha-1) and diammonium phosphate (1449 kg ha-1) fertilizer treatments had produced more grain yield than bacteria inoculation (1274 kg ha-1) and phosphorus (1332 kg ha-1) treatments.

This study was carried out to determine the silage quality characteristics of some switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) cultivars. Kanlow, Shelter, Shawnee, BoMaster, Alamo, Trailblazer, Cave in Rock and Long Island cultivars of switchgrass constituted the plant material of the study. For silage purposes, the plants were harvested 10-15 days after reaching the flowering period. The harvested plants were allowed to ferment for 70 days. According to the results, the silage of switchgrass cultivars was statistically significantly at p<0.01 level for both physical and chemical properties. In the study, pH content, the dry matter, lactic acid, butyric acid, acetic acid, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber ratios of the silage of switchgrass cultivars varied between 3.84-4.86, 39.0-51.0%, 1.78-2.35%, 0.05-0.33%, 0.35-1.55%, 3.76-5.57%, 39.30-41.73%, and 70.96-75.41%, respectively. In terms of the Fleig score, it was determined that the quality of the silage obtained from switchgrass cultivars could be classified as "very good". According to result, it was determined that BoMaster, Alamo, and Trailblazer cultivars, especially Long Island and Cave in Rock cultivars of switchgrass that came to the forefront in terms of silage quality, could be successfully used in silage production.

ÖzBu araştırma bazı bakla çeşitlerinde (Filiz-90, Eresen-87, Salkım) gübre uygulamalarının (kontrol, azot, fosfor, organik ve bakteri) verim ve verim unsurlarına etkisini araştırmak amacıyla 2018-2019 yılları arasında iki yıl süreyle Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi deneme alanında yürütülmüştür. Gübreler; 4 kg/da azot, 8 kg/da fosfor, organik gübre 150 g/da, bakteri ise tavsiye miktarı üzerinden uygulanmıştır. Deneme tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 3 tekrarlamalı olarak düzenlenmiştir. Tohum ekimi her iki yılda da Şubat ayının ilk haftasında, bitki hasadı Haziran ayında yapılmıştır. Araştırmada; gübre uygulamaları bitki boyu, tek bitki ağırlığı, bakla ağırlığı, bitkide bakla ve tane sayısı, biyolojik verimi ve tane verimini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Uygulamaların baklada tane sayısı, 100 tane ağırlığı ve hasat indeksi üzerine etkisi önemsiz bulunmuştur. Uygulamalar arasında fosfor uygulaması diğer uygulamalara göre bitki boyu, bitkide tane sayısı, bitki ağırlığı ve bitkide tane verimini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Tane verimi kontrol grubunda 214.7 kg/da, fosfor uygulamasında 205.0 kg ile yüksek, bakteri uygulaması 179.8 kg/da ile düşük bulunmuştur. Çeşitler arasında tane verimi Eresen 87 çeşidinde 183.2 kg/da ile Filiz-90 çeşidinde 241.2 kg/da arasında değişmiştir.

This research was conducted to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on yield and its components on pea and faba bean in Dicle University Agricultural Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey, during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The experiment was laid out following a split-plot in completely randomized block design, with three replications. Fertilization treatments and cultivars were designed as main and sub factors, respectively. Data on plant height, plant biomass, pod weight, seed yield per plant, number of pods and number of seeds per plant, biological yield, seed yield and 100-seed weight were recorded at harvest. Number of nodules and nodule dry weight were record in flowering time. The effect of inorganic nitrogen, organic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on grain yield, seed yield per plant, biological yield was significant at both pea and faba bean. Inorganic fertilizer (urea) was increased the grain yield (2147 kg/ha) and biological yield (4956 kg/ha) in faba bean, but close to control (2080 kg/ha and 4690 kg/ha). Organic-1, Organic-2 and bacteria treatments were decrease the grain yield and biological yield on pea and faba bean, and this decrease on pea was almost half over control. The effect of treatments on number of nodules per plant on pea and faba bean was significant. The highest number of nodules per plant on pea was in bacteria inoculation (125.9) and control (121.5), and differences among nitrogen (109.1), Organic-1 (97.3) and Organic-2 (109.3) treatments was no significant.

In achieve yield sustainability, it is important to cultivate barley varieties that are resistant to the heat and drought stress conditions carried on by global climate change. Barley is one of the significant cultivars that is negatively affected by global climate change due to its low tolerance to heat stress. Late sowing was employed to ensure that plants were exposed to heat stress in order to evaluate the agronomic performance of barley genotypes under high temperature stress. The late sowing process was carried out in February 2019 and 2020 years. Heading time, physiological maturity, plant height, chlorophyll content (SPAD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grain weight, protein content, test weight, ground cover (Canopeo) and leaf area index (LAI) were investigated using three local varieties, three advanced lines, and two standard barley varieties. Precipitation of more than 450 mm throughout the vegetation period in both years, as well as sufficient water storage in the soil before to the vegetation period, allowed the growth phase to be effectively examined under heat stress. There were significant differences among genotypes in all traits except plant height and NDVI. Except for physiological maturation and protein ratio, the genotype x environment interaction had an effect on all characteristics. This demonstrated that, in the absence of water stress, mainly high temperature effects had an impact on yield. Among the advanced lines examined, the DZ21-17 genotype succeeded in terms of staying green, being early, increasing chlorophyll content, and increasing grain weight. Local varieties maintained productivity in heat stress by increasing leaf area, while grain yield potential stayed behind standard varieties and advanced lines. Local cultivars had the advantage of fast ground cover and having a high growth rate. It has been determined that barley genotypes with high plant height and grain weight will have a high yield potential under conditions of heat stress.

This research was conducted to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on yield and its components on pea and faba bean in Dicle University Agricultural Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey, during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The experiment was laid out following a split-plot in completely randomized block design, with three replications. Fertilization treatments and cultivars were designed as main and sub factors, respectively. Data on plant height, plant biomass, pod weight, seed yield per plant, number of pods and number of seeds per plant, biological yield, seed yield and 100-seed weight were recorded at harvest. Number of nodules and nodule dry weight were record in flowering time. The effect of inorganic nitrogen, organic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on grain yield, seed yield per plant, biological yield was significant at both pea and faba bean. Inorganic fertilizer (urea) was increased the grain yield (2147 kg/ha) and biological yield (4956 kg/ha) in faba bean, but close to control (2080 kg/ha and 4690 kg/ha). Organic-1, Organic-2 and bacteria treatments were decrease the grain yield and biological yield on pea and faba bean, and this decrease on pea was almost half over control. The effect of treatments on number of nodules per plant on pea and faba bean was significant. The highest number of nodules per plant on pea was in bacteria inoculation (125.9) and control (121.5), and differences among nitrogen (109.1), Organic-1 (97.3) and Organic-2 (109.3) treatments was no significant.

Bu çalışma toprak ve ürün sürdürülebilirliğinin önemi ve gerekliliği göz önünde bulundurularak, en uygun ekim sistemini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlı olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada; bitki boyu, biyolojik verim, tane verim, hasat indeksi, m2’deki başak sayısı, başak uzunluğu, başakçık sayısı, başakta tane ağırlığı, başakta tane sayısı, bin tane ağırlığı, CM1000, YAİ ve nem parametreleri bakımından ekim yöntemleri arasında farklılıklar istatistiki olarak önemli, NDVI, bitki sıcaklığı, protein, karbonhidrat, yağ, nem ve glüten içeriği parametreleri bakımından önemsiz bulunmuştur. Tane veriminin ekim yöntemlerinden etkilendiği ve tane veriminin sırta ekimde 226 kg/da, düz ekimde ise 158,5 kg/da olduğu saptanmıştır. Sırta ekim sisteminde bitkilerin kuraklığa bağlı olarak azalan hava nemini daha iyi kullandığı ve bunu bitki boyu değerlerine yansıttığı gözlenmiştir.

Bu araştırma organik Fosil), inorganik (DAP) ve biyo (Rhizobium leguminoserum) gübrelerin bezelyenin toprak altı ve toprak üstü aksamlarına etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla Dicle Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri deneme serasında 2019 yılı bahar yetiştirme mevsiminde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada çiçeklenme öncesi dönem, çiçeklenme dönemi ve çiçeklenme sonrası dönemlerde bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu, yaş ve kuru bitki, kök, yaprak, nodül ve sap ağırlığı, yaprakçık sayısı, nodül sayısı ve yaprak alanı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde bezelyede bitkisel özellikler üzerine uygulamalar arasında en fazla etki Fosil gübresinden elde edilmiştir. Çiçeklenme döneminde yapılan uygulamaların incelenen tüm özellikler üzerine önemli etkilerinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Çiçeklenme sonrası dönemde ise incelenen özellikler üzerine en fazla etkiyi organik gübrelerin gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Üç dönemin birleşik analiz sonuçlarına bakıldığında, incelenen 8 özellik üzerine en çok Nutri-umix, 6 özellik üzerine ise Fosil ve Bakteri uygulamasının olumlu katkılarının olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar bezelye bitkisi yetiştiriciliğinde konvansiyonel tarım uygulamaları yerine organik tarım uygulamalarının tercih edilebileceğini göstermiştir.