We introduce a high performance hybrid electrochemical energy storage system based on an aqueous electrolyte containing tin sulfate (SnSO4) and vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4) with nanoporous activated carbon.

Viologen (1,1ʹ-diethyl-4,4ʹ-bipyridinium bromide) based redox active electrolyte in 1.0 M H2SO4 has been proposed as a novel electrolyte for supercapacitor (SC) applications due to its dual cathodic and anodic redox behaviour.

New insight into the influence of Li+, Na+, and K+ cations between adjacent layers of birnessite-type manganese oxides (MnOx) towards the intercalation/deintercalation charge storage mechanism as a neutral electrochemical capacitor (1 M Na2SO4) is demonstrated.

Pd-based catalysts are typically used in many applications; however, the effect of their oxide layer has not been fully investigated to date.