Ethyl viologen dibromide as a novel dual redox shuttle for supercapacitors

Abstract

Viologen (1,1ʹ-diethyl-4,4ʹ-bipyridinium bromide) based redox active electrolyte in 1.0 M H2SO4 has been proposed as a novel electrolyte for supercapacitor (SC) applications due to its dual cathodic and anodic redox behaviour.

Commercial-Level Energy Storage via Free-Standing Stacking Electrodes

“…Furthermore, N-and O-mediated reversible active sites and accessible fast electron and ion transport channels endow the stackable OCN free-standing films electrodes with fast and high energy storage performances beyond weight limitations of conventional electrode fabrication to a commercial level. or radicals groups grafted on polymer backbones or covalent organic frameworks or coupled with conductive carbon nanostructures, e.g., quinone, 28,29 anthraquinone-2-sulfonate, 30 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone, 31 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone, 32 9, 10-phenanthrenequinone, 33 carbonyl, 34,35 oligoanilines, [36][37][38] pyridine, 39 pyrene, 40 TEMPO, 41 and (tBu 2 MeSi) 3 EC [E = Si, Ge, and Sn]; 42 (3) redox active electrolytes, e.g., TEMPO molecules, 43 viologen, 44 hydroquinone (HQ), 45,46 and TEMPO grafted polymers or ionic liquids; [47][48][49][50] (4) heteroatom-enriched carbons (HECs), e.g., nitrogen, [51][52][53] oxygen, [54][55][56] boron, [57][58][59] sulfur, 60,61 fluorine, 62 and phosphorus 63,64 (doped or co-doped). Although these emerging charged organic molecules as active centers present an excellent approach to increase the pseudocapacitance by a multi-electron faradic process, the capacitance retentions after long charge/ discharge cycles still face a challenge due to the degradation of charged organic molecules leading to irreversi...…”

Redox Activity of Bromides in Carbon‐Based Electrochemical Capacitors

“…[45][46] These works have been followed by studies by other researchers, proposing several other redoxactive compounds and demonstrating redox activity in electrolyte solutions, such as hydroquinone, ethyl viologen, methylene blue or thiocyanates. [10,19,21,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57] Grafted anthraquinones displaying similar performance might also be considered in this family. [58][59][60] In this paper, we report on the electrochemical performance of a carbon-based electrochemical capacitor operating with a redox active electrolyte based on a bromide/bromate redox couple in an aqueous electrolyte.…”

Biliquid Supercapacitors: a Simple and New Strategy to Enhance Energy Density in Asymmetric/Hybrid Devices

“…In their initial study, a cell was built in a symmetric configuration, using two identical carbon materials, with a conventional aqueous electrolyte containing an organic compound capable of participating in reversible redox reactions on the carbon surface [16]. Currently, this approach is being widely applied to symmetric and asymmetric cells, using liquid or gel electrolytes that contain a wide range of redox additives [17][18][19].…”