The herbal leaves were collected from forests near Hosur, Tamil Nadu, in February 2020. Plant botanist Dr. P Jayaraman of the Plant anatomy research center (PARC), West Tambaram, Chennai, confirmed the herb's species. Accession number Parc/2021/4408 was assigned to the voucher specimen. The herb belonged to species called Ormocarpum cochinchinense (OC), Family Fabaceae.
Missing a permanent tooth is a miserable condition faced by a common man. A tooth decay, periodontitis, mechanical trauma, or any systemic complications lead to such a complication. These bone defects when left untreated lead to severe resorption of the alveolar bone. A proper dental filling with an appropriate bone substitute material could prevent such resorption and paves a way for subsequent implant placement. Dental implants are considered as the prime option by dentists to replace a single tooth or prevent bone resorption. A variety of bone substitutes are available differ in origin, consistency, particle size, porosity, and resorption characteristics. Herbal composites in dentistry fabricated using biphospho-calcium phosphate, casein, chitosan, and certain herbal extracts of Cassia occidentalis, Terminalia arjuna bark, Myristica fragans also were reported to possess a higher ossification property, osteogenic property and were able to repair bone defects. C. occidentalis was reported to stimulate mineralization of the bone and osteoblastic differentiation through the activation of the PI3K-Akt/MAPKs pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells of mice. This implant proved better osteoconductivity and bioactivity compared to pure HAP and other BCP ratios. Terminalia Arjuna was also worked in the incorporation in the graft to enhance the osteogenic property of the implant and gave good results. Another implant bone graft was synthesized containing BCP, biocompatible casein, and the extracts of Myristica fragans and subjected to in vitro investigations and the results revealed the deposition of apatite on the graft after immersing in SBF and also the ALP activity was high when treated with MG-63 cells, NIH-3 T3, and Saos 2 cell lines. This study indicates that the inclusion of plant extract enhances the osteogenic property of the graft. Thus, these novel dental implants incorporated with herbal composites evaluated by researchers revealed an enhanced bone healing, accelerates osseointegration, inhibits osteopenia, and inhibits inflammation. This application of herbal composite inclusion in dentistry and its applications has a greater potential to improve the success rate of dental implants and allows the implications of biotechnology in implant dentistry.
IntroductionCritical care in obstetrics has received much attention in recent times. Despite progress in medical field and improvement in health facilities provided, maternal mortality is still very high in most of the developing countries. A critically ill obstetric patient usually recovers rapidly after delivery resulting in a short length of stay with a reduced number of specific interventions in Intensive care unit (ICU) and a good overall prognosis [1] . These patients may require frequent monitoring of vital signs and/or interventions [2] . Hence, it was contemplated about the possible management of these patients in High Dependency Unit [1] . High dependency Unit (HDU) has been proposed as a more appropriate means of resource utilization for these patients. Aims and ObjectivesTo study the indications for admission, interventions required and the outcome of the women's stay in HDU, in terms of morbidity. Material and MethodsThe present study is a prospective observational study done over a period of one year in tertiary care hospital. Total of 60 cases with high risk pregnancy admitted in HDU, were included in present study after satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Indications for admission to HDU, interventions required and outcome were studied. ResultsA study of 60 obstetric patients admitted to HDU in delivery suite was conducted. In present study, the most common indication for admission to HDU was severe preeclampsia, accounting for 21.7% of the admissions. The next common indication was cardiac disease, accounting for 15% of admissions. HELLP accounted for about 13%, PPH for 11% and coagulopathy for 10% of the admissions. In the present study, 33% of patients received about 3-5 blood transfusions and 21% received more than 5 blood transfusions. Majority of the patients (72%) admitted to HDU required oxygen administration and about 70% of the patients received medical intervention in the form of antihypertensives /anticonvulsants / anticoagulants/diuretics and Digoxin. In the present study, majority of the cases (95%) admitted to HDU were transferred out to wards. Only about 5% of them were shifted to I.C.U and all of them required ventilatory support. ConclusionMost of the obstetric complications needing critical care could be managed in HDU with the expert obstetric care. The need for mechanical ventilation became the major indication for maternal ICU admission with an increasing number of patients with haemodynamic instability being managed within the HDU. The antenatal patients also benefit from combined obstetric and critical care management. HDU also provides a multi-disciplinary care from all the specialities and the cost saving is considerable as compared to ICU.
Background: The purpose of the current study was to assess whether embryonic culture conditions has an impact on embryo ploidy in a preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) cycle. Methods: In this retrospective single center cohort study, a total of 1099 blastocysts from 278 PGT-A cycles were analyzed. The generated blastocysts were biopsied on days 5 and 6. Inseminated oocytes were allocated in different incubators (benchtop and time lapse) and assisted zona hatching was performed on day 3 of embryo development to facilitate the biopsy process which was performed on days 5 and 6 (blastocyst stage). Results: The average age across the groups was 38.7±3.6 years and the total number of mature eggs was 2912 which were randomly distributed across both incubators. The euploidy rate obtained from both groups showed a higher proportion of euploid embryos in the TLM incubator (37.03%, 95% CI 31.9-42.1) compared to those cultured in the BT incubator (30.4%, 95% CI 23.1-37.7). Regression analysis showed that female age remains to be the key variable driving euploidy rates (0.85, 95% CI 0.82-0.88) although incubator type could be an important covariable (0.54, 95% CI 0.45-0.59). A subgroup analysis of 74 single euploid embryo transfers showed comparable pregnancy and live birth rates. Conclusion: This large cohort study demonstrates that uninterrupted controlled culture environment provides increased probability to develop euploid embryo in a PGT-A cycle. However, further evaluation is required to assess how environmental culture conditions at a cellular level could affect epigenetic mechanisms in embryo development and higher aneuploidy rate.
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