Background Sleep-related disorders are among the important risk factors for neurovascular diseases. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by snoring, excessive daytime sleepiness, and insomnia. Our aim was to investigate the presence of glaucoma in patients with OSAS and to reveal vascular pathology related to the pathogenesis of glaucoma in those patients. Patients and methods The study included 31 patients with OSAS and 25 control subjects. Orbital Doppler ultrasonography was used to determine the resistivity index (RI) in the ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery. All patients and controls underwent perimetric examination. Results The prevalence of glaucoma in the group of patients with OSAS was 12.9% (4/31); all of these 4 patients with glaucoma were in the "severe" OSAS group. No statistically significant difference was found between ophthalmic artery resistivity index (OARI), central retinal artery resistivity index (CRARI), and intraocular pressure (IOP) between patients and controls (p>0.05). There was a positive correlation between OARI and mean defect (MD), CRARI and MD, and CRARI and loss variance (LV) values (p<0.05). There was also a positive correlation between IOP and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (p=0.001). Conclusions In patients with OSAS, a high prevalence was found and it is interesting to note that all of the four glaucoma patients were in the severe OSAS group. The positive correlation observed between IOP and AHI suggests that increased IOP values may reflect the severity of OSAS. The positive correlation between OARI and MD and also between CRARI and MD as well as LV suggests that visual field defects may be due to optic nerve perfusion defects and these field defects also increase as the RI increases.
Hypoxia in COPD seems to affect the choroidal thickness. Thinning of the choroid may be attributed to increased vascular resistance and reduced blood flow in patients with COPD. The possible effects of the disease to the eye may be clarified through the role of the choroidal vasculature in the blood supply of the anterior optic nerve head.
Choroidal abnormalities are frequent in neurofibromatosis type 1. Choroidal abnormalities detected by infrared reflectance imaging with optical coherence tomography can be used to diagnose neurofibromatosis type 1.
PurposeTo report the therapeutic efficacy and results of an accidentally injected intralenticular sustained-release dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) in a patient with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion at 14 months after injection.ObservationsWe present a 70-year-old female patient with central retinal vein occlusion who underwent an Ozurdex injection. Patient discontinued from the treatment period during the 14-month and there was no ophthalmologic examination of the patient. Detailed ophthalmological examination was performed. Ozurdex localization was determined by Pentacam rotating Scheimpflug System. The implant was accidentally injected into the crystalline lens. It did not cause a totally lens opacification but did result only in a posterior subcapsular cataract. The macular edema did not resolve, and the patient underwent phacoemulsification surgery.Conclusions and importanceOzurdex that totally located inside the crystallize lens may not have the therapeutic effects.
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