We examined the foetal cardiac structural and functional characteristics in diabetic pregnancies versus non-diabetic, healthy pregnancies. Between August 2015 and April 2016, 32 pregnant women with pregestational diabetes, 36 pregnant women with gestational diabetes, and 42 healthy pregnant women were scheduled to have foetal echocardiograms to assess cardiac structure and function. In the diabetic groups, the foetal interventricular septum (IVS) thickness was significantly greater than in non-diabetics (p < .05) but none had an IVS >2 SD from normal. The peak velocity of tricuspid E, and the E/A ratio were significantly lower in the diabetic groups (p < .05). Tricuspid valve E values and the E/A ratio were lower in the diabetic group than in the control group (p < .05) but there was no significant difference between the pre-GDM and GDM groups (p > .05). Interventricular septal hypertrophy is the most common structural abnormality in diabetic pregnancies. These changes do not pose a risk to the foetal unless they cause functional impairment. Thus, we believe that it is important for diabetic pregnant women to be monitored for foetal cardiac diastolic dysfunction. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Pregestational insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is a relatively common condition in pregnancy, affecting up to 0.5% of the pregnant population. Foetuses of diabetic mothers are at an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and death. Gestational diabetes mellitus is under-recognised and affects up to 4% of pregnancies. Although diabetes mellitus is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular defects and structural changes (myocardial hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction) due to foetal hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinism, similar data in women with gestational diabetes is scarce. Moreover, the effect of maternal hyperglycaemia on foetal cardiac structure and function is unclear because of discordant results from previous studies. What do the results of this study add? In this study, we have used foetal echocardiography, two-dimensional US, pulsed wave Doppler and TDI to characterise the foetal cardiac structure and function in normal pregnancies as well as in the pregnancies complicated by GDM, and pregestational DM. Interventricular septum thickness is increased in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus and impaired diastolic function. The dominant right ventricle of the foetal circulation was affected earlier than the left ventricle. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Large population-based studies are required to establish the absolute risk of congenital heart defects in patients with pregestational diabetes and pregestational diabetes in the utility of routine screening.

Objectives: To investigate the complications of the oocyte retrieval procedure currently used in in vitro fertilisation. Material and methods:We examined 1.031 patients who underwent oocyte retrieval in the IVF unit of our hospital for complications developed during and after the procedure. Results:No complications developed related to sedation or general anaesthesia. Vaginal bleeding was observed in 3.1% of the patients. There was no intra-abdominal bleeding or pelvic organ injuries requiring surgery. Two patients developed pelvic abscesses. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurred in 1.45% of the patients. Almost all of the patients tolerated the oocyte retrieval process well. After the procedure, only 2% of the patients described their pain as severe, and 0.4% as the worst pain they had ever experienced. Conclusions:The most common complication during oocyte retrieval is vaginal bleeding, which is largely controlled by buffer application. In conclusion, the oocyte retrieval process can be considered a safe procedure.

Objective Apical prolapse constitutes an important part of pelvic organ prolapse. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of laparoscopic pectopexy that we made by preserving the uterus in the surgical treatment of apical prolapse. Methods A total of 36 patients with apical prolapse who wanted to preserve their uterus underwent laparoscopic rectopexy. Apical prolapse and sexual function of the patients were evaluated preoperatively and 12 months after surgery using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP‐Q) scale and Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ‐12) sexual questionnaire form. Preoperative medical records and postoperative clinical results were recorded. Results There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications in the patients who underwent laparoscopic pectopexy. The average duration of surgery was 48.7 ± 9.8 min. Two patients had a recurrence of apical prolapse. In the Aa, Ba, C, and D points in the POP‐Q staging, significant changes were observed. Postoperative PISQ‐12 scores improved significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion Uterine‐preserving laparoscopic pectopexy is a safe, feasible, and effective method for treating pelvic organ prolapse. It also improved the PISQ‐12 and POP‐Q scores in POP patients. Laparoscopic pectopexy may increase a surgeon's technical perspective for pelvic organ prolapse surgery.

We divided the drugs into four groups according to their biochemical side effect potentials in ovarian tissue: (I) Drugs which have no clear negative effect on ovarian tissue: clonidine, rilmenidine; (II) Drugs which have mild negative effect on ovarian tissue: methyldopa; (III) Drugs which have moderate negative effect on ovarian tissue: amlodipine; (IV) Drugs which have severe negative effect on ovarian tissue: ramipril. These data might be useful in the selection of the least toxic antihypertensive drug in pregnant and/or normal females.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a newly developed anchoring system for unilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation (USSLF) and bilateral sacrospinous ligament fixation (BSSLF) procedures. Material and Methods Ninety-three patients with pelvic prolapse who were treated surgically with the Anchorsure System® between 2013 and 2018 were included in the study. USSLF was performed in 52 patients (group 1), and BSSLF was performed in 41 patients (group 2). Pelvic organ prolapse was assessed preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Results There were no significant differences between groups 1 and 2 with regard to age, parity, and demographic characteristics. Anatomical improvement rates were similar, irrespective of the type of SSLF used. No bleeding requiring blood transfusion or organ injuries occurred in any patient. Three patients in the group that received BSSLF developed small asymptomatic cystoceles (grade 1 to 2); there was no recurrence of rectoceles or enteroceles. Mild cystocele was found in 1 patient from the USSLF group. There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to the recurrence of cystocele. Recurrence of vaginal vault prolapse was found in 2 patients from the USSLF group (3.84%). There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to recurrence. Febrile morbidity, clinical outcomes, blood loss, duration of operation, intraoperative complications, and length of hospital stay were similar for the two groups. Conclusions Unilateral and bilateral SSLF techniques produce similar clinical outcomes. USSLF and BSSLF performed using the new anchoring system are safe and effective methods to treat pelvic organ prolapse.

In this study, we aimed to compare the serum urocortin-2 (UCN2) levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy women. Thirty-eight patients with PCOS and 41 healthy women were included in the study whose age and BMI matched. The fasting serum glucose, insulin, free testosterone, hs-CRP and UCN2 levels of the all participants were examined. HOMA-IR formula was used in order to calculate the insulin resistance. Circulating UCN2 levels were significantly elevated in women with PCOS compared with controls (142.93 ± 59.48 versus 98.56 ± 65.01 pg/ml, p = 0.002). FBG, serum insulin, hs-CRP and HOMA-IR levels were found to be increased in women with PCOS. There was a positive correlation between UCN2 and free-testosterone in only PCOS group (r = 0.235, p = 0.027). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the odds ratio for PCOS was 2.31 for patients in the highest quartile of UCN2 compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.88-2.83, p=0.021). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that HOMA-IR, hs-CRP and free-testosterone independently predicted UCN2 levels (p < 0.05). UCN2 levels were significantly higher in PCOS cases when compared to control group. UCN2 is thought to be effective on pathophysiology of PCOS by paracrine and autocrine pathways.

In this study, xanthine oxidase (XO), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels in the ovarian tissues of rats during the development of ischemia and postischemia-induced reperfusion were investigated, and the effect of ATP on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damage was RESUMO Neste estudo, a xantina oxidase (XO), o malondialdeído (MDA), mieloperoxidase ( MPO ) e glutationa (GSH) nos tecidos do ovário de ratos, durante o desenvolvimento de isquemia e reperfusão induzida por pós-isquemia foi investigada, e o efeito de ATP em isquemia e reperfusão (I/R). O dano foi verifi cado por provas bioquímicas e por histopatologia. Os resultados das análises bioquímicas mostraram que o ATP reduziu signifi cativamente o nível de XO e MDA e aumentou a quantidade de GSH em ambas as isquemia e no tecido do ovário de I / Raplicado nas doses administradas. Além disso, o ATP

Tamoxifen was seen to suppress carrageenan-induced inflammation significantly. The dose of tamoxifen that decreases adrenalin levels maximally and decreases corticosterone levels minimally was found to produce the most potent anti-inflammatory effect. The reason why indomethacin is more potent in high doses may be that it decreases adrenalin levels strongly at these doses, without decreasing corticosterone levels.