The monograph presents the analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of sunflower oil, technical means of post-harvest processing of crops and the results of pneumatic and pneumatic gravity devices studies. The analysis of sunflower seeds production in Ukraine, the technical equipment of the post-harvest sunflower seeds processing, theoretical studies of the separation process of air separated impurities, the methodical aspects of the experimental devices research, the results of laboratory and field research on experimental devices, practical application of the conducted research results and their economic efficiency evaluation are described.This monograph is aimed at scientists, teachers, students and other categories of readers related to the activities of the agro-industrial complex
Frozen berries have a number of undeniable advantages: they do not require additional preparation costs, are almost ready to eat, and most importantly, thanks to modern technologies, they retain almost twice as much nutrients as with other canning methods. Increasingly, there are risks associated with internal and external factors, as well as problems with excess yields that threaten not to sell the product fresh. short shelf life immediately after harvest, which increases the critical dependence on market prices. One of the progressive technological methods of processing fruit and berry products is quick freezing. The use of such freezing gives, first of all, a low degree of product damage, minimally reduces the biological value and taste characteristics, and the use of freezing does not significantly affect the quality of the thawed product.The main task of an industrial or commercial line for shock freezing of berries is to ensure almost instantaneous preservation of the product, which will retain all its nutritional value and taste. This is usually achieved by rapidly chilling the berries to -18 °C. By far the best option for extending the shelf life of freshly cooked food is to freeze it quickly. There are various options, but the best known is the freezing technology. For instant freezing without crystallization, it is necessary to provide a temperature of -5 ...- 18 °C. Experimental data were obtained during research. The temperature regime of storage of currants with the preservation of quality indicators using a freezing device is also considered. When frozen quickly, the berries should be blown from all sides or literally float in a stream of frosty air of the appropriate temperature. The duration of this process depends on the type and size of the berries, as well as on the intensity of the cooling air flow. The current direction in the field of research of frozen berries is the preservation of consumer properties of berries after freezing
Sunflower is the most important oilseed in many countries. Separation of the sunflower grain mixture by the difference of the aerodynamic characteristics of its components showed that the most perspective for the improvement of the quality and intensification is the process of its separation in the aspiration separator. A new design of an improved seed aspiration separator has been developed that carries out the technological process of separating the sunflower seeds using vibration processes. So, in the seed separator, the air flow of constant force through the sail elements leads to the imposition of forced vibrations on the central tube of the distributor of the supplied seeds, which leads to the creation of centrifugal forces in the sunflower seed feeding system. As a result of experimental studies, it was established that the rational speed of the air flow should be in the range 4.5-5.5 m•s -1 , the most rational length of the aspiration channel is 0.8 m, the diameter of the aspiration channel should be equal to 200 mm. The obtained results of the experimental research may be used for the development and designing of production prototypes of the aspiration separators of grain mixtures.
The parameters of the operating modes of vibration wave transportation of products for infrared drying were determined under the conditions that allow with the minimum energy consumption to provide the maximum productivity of the apparatus, which takes place in the case of providing the desired reduction of the moisture of the bulk mass for one pass of the product flow with a satisfactory uniformity of production. The implementation of these conditions requires synchronization of the operating parameters of the two vibrators of the vibrating conveyor infrared dryer, which are aggregated in the supporting rolls of the deformed transport element. The article deals with determination of regularities of basic parameter change of the infrared drying process, which allows to determine development tendencies of technical and technological efficiency of mechanization means of the high-temperature storage system of seed material of oil-bearing products, which is solved due to use of innovative vibrating conveyor technologies and equipment in the process of vibration, wave, impulse, and combined physical and mechanical factors that make available minimizing energy and material consumption at maximum output maintaining the properties of agricultural raw materials. These measures are implemented through the development of vibration wave inter-operative transportation under the conditions of soybean infrared drying. According to experimental studies, using the "dimension analysis" method and the Federman-Buckingham theorem the criterion equation of the process of mass transfer during drying in the fluidized bed of products has been obtained, which is determined by the criteria of Péclet, Stanton, Bourdieu, a function that characterizes the energy, heat and mass transfer parameters, the performance of the studied process, which allows to form the recommended series when designing conveyor infrared dryers for storage systems of bulk agricultural products.
There is an acute problem of providing the population with food products that would not only fully satisfy the energy needs of the human body, but also provide the physiological needs of the human body in vitamins, minerals and other biologically active substances. An important role in providing the population with micronutrients can be played by berries, which are a natural concentrate of biologically active substances. Lowtemperature technologies for preserving berries can significantly increase the production of this high-value raw material, due to which it is possible to significantly improve the nutrition structure, thereby improving the quality of life of the population. This explains the rapid growth in the last decade of the production of frozen fruits and berries and, as a result, the intensive development of food low-temperature technologies. The experimental data during the studies were obtained. The temperature regimes for storing berries with the preservation of quality indicators are given. Low-temperature processing is sometimes the only feasible method of practically year-round storage and transportation for unlimited distances, so freezing in growing areas is a promising method to solve the problem of delivering berries at any distance, to eliminate the seasonality of its consumption, which ensures the stability of nutritional value. Fluidization freezing, similar to drying in the suspended state, is characterized by very intense heat exchange. Freezing berries is a special method of preserving them retaining the nutritional value and taste of the product. The high speed of the process and the formation of the smallest ice crystals prevent the loss of moisture in berries.
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