Aim: The research paper presents the characteristic of cytoarchitectonics of the thymus of intact white mature male laboratory rats. Topicality of the study is due to the need to clarify the data on the contribution of each type of thymus cells in the formation of its structure. The aim of the research was to determine the specifics of localization and ultramicroscopic structure of thymus cells in male mature Wistar laboratory rats. Material and Methods: The study was conducted using histological and ultramicroscopic methods on 10 mature male laboratory rats, weighing 130-150 g. Semi-thin (0.5-1 μm) and ultrathin (0.05-0.2 μm) sections were made on a microtome UMTP-4 (Ukraine), which were stained with 1% methylene blue solution with the addition of 1% sodium tetraborate solution. Histological analysis and photographic recording were performed using Olympus light microscope (Japan) and DSM 510 camcorder with magnification in 1000 times. Results: With a detailed study of the semi-thin and ultrathin sections in the thymus lobules the specifics of localization and ultramicroscopic structure of thymus cells were clearly identified. The features of localization and ultramicroscopic structure of epithelial, mesenchymal, vascular and hematopoietic thymus cells were determined from the point of view of their functional loads and interactions. Conclusion: The described structural peculiarities of the components of the thymus and their relative location in different zones reflect significant organ polymorphism, which must be taken into account in order to achieve the required level of objectivity in the result evaluation of simulated biomedical experiments.
Introduction and importance: Peutz–Jeghers syndrome (PJS), an uncommon inherited autosomal dominant disorder, is distinguished by mucocutaneous pigmentations, many gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps, and a higher incidence of gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary, and extracolonic malignancies. Recurrent acute intestinal obstruction, in particular intussusception in the young, is a serious sequalae of PJS. Case presentation: A clinical observation of a 5-year-old patient with a complicated course of PJS is presented. Emphasis on recurring episodes of acute abdomen, clinical diagnosis including polyp histopathology, and surgical management is emphasised. Clinical findings and investigations: While an inpatient, bloodwork demonstrated severe iron deficiency anaemia (haemoglobin 72 g/l, red blood cell 3.1×1012/l) and multiple melanin pigmentations measuring 2–4 mm in size on the lip mucosa during a physical examination. Erosive duodenopathy and polyposis of the stomach were discovered via fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (multiple gastric polyps 5–10 mm in size). Acute intussusception of the intestine was discovered by ultrasonography. Interventions and outcome: A mid-median laparotomy was performed alongside manual disinvagination with gut viability intact. Histopathology of excised polyps revealed smooth muscle hyperplasia and Ki67 protein (MIB-1) positivity with small intestinal hamartomatous polyps seen macroscopically. Conservative management was initiated for standard postoperative care and intestinal motility. Patient was discharged 9 days postoperatively. Relevance and impact: Based on literature data, modern ideas concerning aetiology, diagnosis, and management of patients with PJS are considered. Attention is focused on the high risk of developing cancer of various localisation in PJS, recommendations are given for cancer screening and clinical observation of patients with hereditary gastrointestinal syndromes in childhood.
The pathomorphological basis for the development of diabetic disorders in various bones is a relevant subject of modern experimental research on the modeling of diabetes-associated destructive processes in the skeletal system. They are characterized by reduced bone density, which leads to an increased risk of fractures. Bone strength mainly depends on the interaction and concentration of chemical elements such as Ca, P, Mg, and K. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to determine the interdependence of changes in biomechanical parameters depending on the concentration of chemical elements in long tubular bones of rats under chronic hyperglycemia. The study was performed on 72 adult white laboratory rats lasting 180 days. It was found that starting from 30 days of uncontrolled chronic hyperglycemia, the bone mineral density in rats of the experimental group gradually decreased in comparison with the dynamics of the corresponding indexs in animals of the control group. These changes were accompanied by pronounced demineralization of both bones, as evidenced by significant losses of macronutrients (Ca, P, Mg and K). As a result, in chronic hyperglycemia gradually formed a complex violation of the structure and biomechanical properties of long tubular bones, which is a pathomorphological basis in the corresponding loci of the skeletal system.
The development of the pathology of individual organs and systems undoubtedly depends on adverse environmental factors. Particular attention of researchers attracts heavy metal salts. Epiphyseal hormones play a key role in regulating and maintaining basic body functions. The article presents the results of the study on morphological and morphometric rearrangements of structural changes in the rat pineal gland influence for 30 days of heavy metal salts (sulfates of zinc, copper, iron, manganese, plumbers’ nitrite and chrome oxide). The selected concentration of salts in the mixture was due to the presence of similar concentrations of these salts in the soil and drinking water in some regions of Ukraine according to literature sources. General morphological and statistical research methods were used (histological, morphometric and variational statistics methods). The 30-days impact of the heavy metal salts combination on the rat body caused in the pineal gland morphological changes of nonspecific polymorphic nature, which were expressed in the increased vascular area, active glial response, hypertrophy of pinealocyte nuclei and increase of their optical density. Cytological signs in most pinealocytes indicated the predominance of indolamine synthesis over polypeptides. The main pathogenetic mechanisms of the influence of heavy metal salts on the organ have been established: change in the vascular lumen area, blood rheological properties impairment, tissue hypoxia, nucleus hypertrophy and change in their optical density. Morphological changes in the gland comply with the stress phase of the general adaptation syndrome. The above morphological changes negatively affected the processes of hormones evacuation into the blood, the course of the general adaptation syndrome and the homeostasis restoration in the organ.
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