Cowpea has great socioeconomic importance, especially in the North and Northeast of Brazil, and its genetic improvement has become increasingly relevant. This study aimed to assess the genetic divergence among cowpea genotypes of the active germplasm bank of the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco to indicate the most divergent and productive as parents aiming at enriching its breeding program in this institution. The experiment was carried out at the experimental station of Itapirema, Goiana, PE, in a randomized block design with four replications. Thirty genotypes were used in the study, being two of them the controls (Miranda IPA 207 and Paulistinha). The parameters flowering, number of pods per peduncle, number of pods per plant, pod length, ten pod weight, grain index, number of grains in ten pods, hundred-grain weight, grain yield per hectare, plant habit, color of flowers, leaves, pods, and grains, and grain shape were assessed. Genetic divergence was observed among the cowpea genotypes. Pod length and weight, flowering, hundredgrain weight, and the number of pods per plant were the main contributors to genetic divergence. Crosses indicated to enable new gene combinations more favorable for cowpea are Pitiúba x Cabeçudo, Pitiúba x Manteiga, and Pitiúba x Costela de Vaca.
O feijão-caupi é uma leguminosa de grande importância socioeconômica para a região Nordeste do Brasil, sendo responsável pela geração de emprego e renda para muitas comunidades rurais. Para o desenvolvimento de novas variedades mais produtivas faz-se necessário a obtenção de informações sobre o controle genético da produção de grãos e de seus componentes primários. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar as correlações entre características morfoagronômicas do feijão-caupi a fim de auxiliar na seleção de genótipos superiores. O experimento foi conduzido na Estação Experimental do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco (IPA), em Goiana–PE. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados: início de floração, número de vagem/pedúnculo, número de vagem/planta, comprimento de vagem, peso de dez vagens, peso dos grãos de dez vagens, índice de grãos, rendimento de grãos/hectare. Existe um alto componente genético na expressão fenotípica dos caracteres avaliados, com grande probabilidade de ganhos genéticos através de ciclos de seleção para o melhoramento da cultura e entre os caracteres avaliados o número de vagem por planta, o peso de vagem e o peso de grãos por vagem são mais indicados para a seleção de genótipos promissores para o melhoramento.
Bacterial wilt is among the major diseases of tomatoes and is currently considered the most important in Brazil. The development of resistant cultivars is the strategy that presents greater efficiency and viability, being the mixed modeling approach allows the selection of genetic materials with major accuracy. This work defines strategies for the development and selection of segregating strains F2:3 from the estimation of genetic parameters and individual mean components using mixed models. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, in which the resistance of 43 progenies F2:3 segregants obtained from the F2 generation from the cross between the parents was evaluated, having as parents Yoshimatsu (Resistant) and IPA-7 (Susceptible). Components of variance and genetic parameters were estimated, followed by ranking by additive genetic values. The selection of F2:3 progenies resistant to bacterial wilt was more effective when the household information was used. Mixed model procedures for the selective accuracy of 77.98%, verified efficiency in the selection of F2:3 progenies resistant to bacterial wilt evaluated at 20 days after inoculation. A total of 240 resistant and moderately resistant individual progenies were selected with severity scores between 1 and 2.49. Families presented the new averages between 1.0 and 2.87, making 23 families F2:3 that will continue the tomato breeding program.
Foi avaliada a herança da resistência da variedade CNC-0434 ao Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) e da linhagem TVu-966 ao Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) por meio de retrocruzamentos. Foram realizados dois experimentos, o primeiro com CNC-0434, Sempre Verde Salgueiro e as gerações F1, F2, RC11 e RC21, avaliados quanto à resistência ao CPSMV. No segundo, foram avaliados os genitores TVu-966, Sempre Verde Salgueiro e as gerações F1, F2, RC11 e RC21, avaliados quanto à resistência ao CABMV. As plantas foram avaliadas por inspeção visual aos 10, 20 e 30 dias após a inoculação quanto ao surgimento e desenvolvimento dos sintomas para cada um dos vírus, classificando-as como resistentes ou suscetíveis. A herança da resistência ao CPSMV em CNC-0434 é controlada por um único gene homozigoto recessivo com dois alelos. A herança da resistência ao CABMV em TVu-966 é controlada por um único gene homozigoto recessivo com dois alelos. A avaliação das plantas pode ser realizada aos dez dias após a inoculação. As duas variedades podem ser utilizadas como genitores doadores nos programas de melhoramento visando à resistência a estes vírus.
Genotype x environment interactions represent a major challenge in identifying and selecting genotypes responsive to different climate and soil conditions. This research evaluated and selected pre-cultivars of carioca bean and early carioca bean based on adaptability, stability, and grain yield. In the 2014 crop season, two regional competition trials were conducted in the state of Pernambuco: carioca beans (14 genotypes in Arcoverde, Belém de São Francisco, Caruaru and São João) and early carioca beans (11 genotypes in Araripina, Arcoverde, and Caruaru) and, in the 2015 crop season, with early carioca beans (11 genotypes in Araripina, Arcoverde, and Brejão). Parameters were estimated by mixed models, and the selection was performed using the Harmonic Mean of Relative Performance of Genetic Values (HMRPGV) method following three strategies: i) selection based on predicted genetic value with no interaction; ii) selection according to predicted genetic value considering each location; and iii) simultaneous selection for grain yield, adaptability, and stability. The environments influenced the phenotypic expression of the carioca and early carioca bean genotypes, representing a specific adaptation. The genotypes BRS Notável, BRS Estilo and BRS Pérola, of carioca beans, and CNFC 15875, BRS Notável and CNFC 15630, of early carioca beans, had the best results in the environments tested, regarding, simultaneously, adaptability to different soil and climate conditions, performance stability, and grain yield.
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