Prior to releasing new varieties, one of the most common aims in breeding is to study genotype by environmental interactions. Using the analysis obtained from these initial processes, a multitude of varieties based on their relative performance through different environments is produced. Herein we assessed the link-up between GGE Biplot and REML/BLUP basedmethods in a commercial panel of 32 bean genotypes, which included 17 carioca bean genotypes and 15 black bean genotypes. The assessment was conducted during 2009 in four different locations of Pernambuco State, Brazil. Regarding the locations, São João and Araripina showed to be highly representative and non-discriminatory, while Arcoverde was the most discriminatory and well-represented favoring the selection of widely adapted genotypes. The selection of genotypes was consistent by using both methods and the final conclusion shows outstanding performance. Considering a high yield stability and adaptability, the following genotypes showed outstanding performance: the black types included CNFP (11995, 11983, 11985 and 11991), and the carioca types are CNFC (11951 and 11954). Understanding genotype by environmental interactions enabled us to identify potential genotypes for releasing.

Low yields of early ‘Carioca’ and black bean varieties are a consequence of instability and low yield adaptability to specific growing environments. The goal of this work was to evaluate the genotype x environment interaction of early ‘Carioca’ and black bean new lines aiming at obtaining genotypes with high grain yield and good adaptability and stability. In (2012), 15 genotypes of the black group were evaluated in Ibimirim, Belém do São Francisco, and Petrolina municipalities, in Pernambuco State, Brazil; and, in (2016), 11 genotypes of early ‘Carioca’ bean were evaluated in Caruaru, Arcoverde, and Araripina municipalities, also in Pernambuco State. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates, and grain yield data were submitted to analysis of variance, in which means were compared by the Tukey’s test and analysis via GGE Biplot. In Arcoverde, the grain yield was greater for all early ‘Carioca’ bean genotypes, whereas, in the environment of Petrolina, there was the worst grain yield in kg ha-1 for all black bean genotypes, individually. The GGE Biplot methodology was found to be efficient in identifying genotypes with good adaptability, stability, and yield. Differences presented by the genotypes for the grain yield trait give the basis to recommend the genotypes and express the possibility of selection for genetic improvement of the species.

Indicadores químicos e físicos de qualidade do solo Chemical and physical indicators of soil quality

Using genotypes adapted to different regions is one of the main ways to increase Brazilian bean yield. The aim of the present study was to assess the genotypic performance of Carioca beans through mixed models. Fourteen Carioca bean genotypes were assessed in four locations in Pernambuco State (Arcoverde, Caruaru, Belém de São Francisco and São João counties) in 2015. The experiments followed a completely randomized block design, with three repetitions. Genetic parameters were estimated according to the REML/BLUP methodology, whereas genotype selection was based on the harmonic mean of relative performance of genetic values method (MHPRVG). The mean genotype heritability had moderate magnitude, high selective accuracy, besides allowing selection of agronomically superior individuals. Genotypes ‘BRS Notável’, CNFC 15480 and ‘IPR 139’ showed good adaptability and grain yield stability. There was agreement among the statistics μ ̂ + g ̂…, stability (MHVG), adaptability (PRVG), and stability and adaptability of genetic values (MHPRVG) in the discrimination of the most productive genotypes, which presented high adaptability and stability. This outcome indicated that these genotypes can be part of the selection criteria regularly used in bean breeding programs.

The objective of this work was to determine the efficiency of a simultaneous selection for yield, stability, and adaptability of bean genotypes of the carioca and black groups. In the 2016 harvest, two experiments were carried out in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: one for the carioca group, with 20 genotypes, in the municipalities of Caruaru, Arcoverde, and Belém de São Francisco; and the other for the black group, with 12 genotypes, in the municipalities of Caruaru and Arcoverde. The parameters were estimated by mixed models, and selection was performed by the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genetic values, using three strategies: selection based on the predicted genetic value, without interaction; selection based on the predicted genetic value, considering each location; and simultaneous selection for grain yield, stability, and adaptability. The environments affected the phenotypic expression of the carioca bean genotypes, indicating specific adaptation. The average heritability for grain yield showed high values for black bean genotypes, which is a favorable condition for selection, and low values for carioca bean genotypes. The black bean genotypes CNFP 15684, 'BRS Esteio', CNFP 15678, CNFP 15697, CNFP 15695, and 'IPR Uirapuru' show the best performances in the studied environments, simultaneously considering grain yield, adaptability, and stability.

No abstract

The genotype x environment interaction represents one of the major selection challenges due to the difficulty in identifying effectively superior genotypes. The present study aimed at estimating genetic parameters and selecting genotypes of early Carioca beans by analyzing simultaneous attributes, including yield, adaptability, and stability. In the agricultural year of 2015 and 2016, three trials were conducted, using a randomized block design, with three repetitions each, in the Agreste and Sertao regions of Pernambuco State. The genetic parameters were estimated using the mixed model procedure, and the selection was based on the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genetic values (MHPRVG, abbreviation in Portuguese) method. The environments influenced the phenotypic expression of the bean genotypes during both years, setting a specific adaptation. The mean heritability of the genotypes regarding yield exhibited low magnitude values  in the trials of 2015 (5.78%) and 2016 (13.77%), indicating costly conditions for the selection of the improved genotypes. Genotype CNFC 15856 was selected, considering the genetic gain predicted for yield, by the average and specific performance in the three environments, and by the simultaneous attributes of yield, adaptability, and stability. The MHPRVG method enables the optimized selection of genotypes considering yield, stability, and adaptability; therefore, it should be included in the recommended selective criteria for agronomically superior genotypes in commercial plantations.

The genetic parameters provide indispensable information about the genetic behavior of the study population regarding the characters evaluated, providing subsidy to the breeder on the decision about the best selection method to adopt in order to realize a genetic gain and maintain adequate variability. In this sense, the present study was carried out to verify the reaction and to estimate genetic parameters of a population of coriander composed of two cultivars (Verdão and HTV Dom Luiz) and 49 half-siblings progenies parasitized by Meloidogyne incognita race 1. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the Department of Agronomy of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. The 51 cultivars and progenies were arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates and each experimental plot was composed of eight plants. The sowing was carried out in a tray of 128 cell- expanded polystyrene filled with commercial substrate, 1,000 eggs/cell of the pathogen were inoculated on the same day of sowing. After 30 days of inoculation, the number of galls was quantified in the root system, the pathogen’s eggs were extracted and, after the quantification of the eggs, the reproduction factor was estimated for each genotype. Data of the three characteristics were compared by Scott-Knott clustering test, then classified as resistant or susceptible, and genetic parameters estimated. The genotypes differed from each other at 1% probability level for all the characters under study. Heritabilities were high and positive with values ​​of 75.91 for number of galls in the root system and 96.72 for the number of eggs. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic correlations, it was possible to select desired genotypes based on the number of galls in the initial selection cycles, making selection and recombination possible in the same cycle. Twelve (12) progenies were selected for their resistance to the pathogen.