Building upon case-based evidence this paper explores the role of leaders in Ecomanglar, a community-based enterprise in the Black collective territory of La Plata-Bahía Málaga in the Colombian Pacific Basin, whose purpose is to provide eco and ethno-tourism services. This purpose is inextricably bound up with the region's biophysical and institutional characteristics, both of which make management of common-pool resources a key strategic task for Ecomanglar. We propose an analytical framework to understand the role of these leaders based on the interaction of two dimensions: institutional transfer channels and operational capacity. We further analyse the role of leaders as essential 'brokers' to initialise and sustain collective action, a role that brings about entrepreneurial solutions for sustainable development but also creates, or exacerbates, conflicts within the community. Our findings challenge approaches which view collective action as an emergent decentralised group-oriented outcome. The paper contributes to the literature on leadership, entrepreneurship and collective action by identifying missing links and potential points of convergence. It also sheds light on some of the challenges in promoting entrepreneurship as a means to advance sustainable development in rural communities.
Leadership, entrepreneurship and collective action 983Keywords: Collective action, entrepreneurship, environmental enterprises, leadership, sustainability Acknowledgement: We are indebted to the leaders and inhabitants of Bahia Malaga for letting us be part of their life project. We are particularly grateful to Santiago Valencia for the extensive conversations and discussions that inspired this paper. We are also grateful to all the students who supported Ecomanglar, Ximena Rueda and Lina Moros at Los Andes University as well as the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments, insights and suggestions on previous drafts of this paper.
We show that the Alchian-Allen theorem holds in three-good world. We empirically test the theorem by examining the relative demand for three quality-differentiated coffee varieties sold globally and confirm that a common per-unit charge increases the overall quality of coffee demanded. Our empirical specification employs the Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood method, which prevents sample selection bias when zero flows between country pairs occur and estimated parameter inconsistency when the data exhibit heteroscedasticity. This is a significant improvement compared to previous practice of using the ordinary least squares to estimate the log-log formulation, which led to both biased and inconsistent parameter estimates.
K E Y W O R D Sgeneralized Alchian-Allen theorem, Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood estimation, quality-differentiated coffee varieties
Trait prioritization studies have guided research, development, and investment decisions for public sector crop breeding programs since the 1970s, but the research design, methods and tools underpinning these studies are not well-understood. We used PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) to evaluate research on trait ranking for major crops over the past forty years. Data extraction and descriptive analysis on 331 papers show uneven attention of crops, lack of systematic sex-disaggregation, and regional bias. The lack of standardized trait data taxonomy across studies, inconsistent research design, and data collection practices make cross comparison of findings impossible. In addition, network mapping of authors and donors shows patterns of concentration and presence of silos within research areas. This study contributes to the next generation of innovation in trait preference to produce more inclusive, demand-driven varietal design that moves beyond trait prioritization focused on productivity and yield.
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