Abstract-The aim of the present study was to determine the modeling of muscle fibers in rats submitted to different exercise protocols. Fifty-five Wistar rats were submitted divided into four different groups: Control group (CG; N=16); endurance training group (ETG; N=13), strength training group (STG; N=13) and concurrent training group (CTG; N=13). The intensity of endurance training was determined by the critical workload. Statistical analysis involved the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple comparisons, followed by Dunn's post test (p<0.05). All animals submitted to training exhibited an increase in the cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers. The largest increase (p>0.05) occurred in the STG and CTG at both four (mean:2952,95 ± 878,39 mean:2988,84 ± 822,58) and eight weeks respectively (mean:3020,26 ± 800.91; mean:3104,91 ± 817,87). The findings demonstrate similar results obtained with strength training and concurrent training, with a greater increase in muscle fiber area in both groups in comparison to the control group and group submitted to endurance training.Keywords: skeletal muscle, soleus muscle, concurrent training, aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise Resumo-"Efeito do treinamento concorrente nas fibras musculares de ratos Wistar." O objetivo deste estudo foi observar a modelação das fibras musculares de ratos submetidos a diferentes protocolos de treinamento físico. Foram utilizados 55 animais da raça Wistar, dos quais foram submetidos a quatro diferentes tratamentos, sendo estes: o grupo controle (CTLE), treinamento aeróbio (TAE), treinamento de força (TAN) e treinamento concorrente (TCc). A intensidade do treinamento aeróbio foi determinada pela carga crítica de trabalho. Utilizouse o teste de Kruscal-Wallis para comparações múltiplas, com pós-teste de Dunn, adotou-se o valor de significância de 5% (p=0,05). Observou-se que os grupos de animais treinados mostraram aumento na área de secção transversa (AST) das fibras musculares. Não foi verificada diferença significante (p>0,05) entre os grupos TAN e TCc, tanto em quatro (média:2952,95 ± 878,39 média:2988,84 ± 822,58) como após oito semanas (média:3020,26 ± 800,91; média:3104,91 ± 817,87). Os protocolos de TAN e TCc não se diferenciaram entre si e demonstraram aumento da AST quando comparados aos demais grupos de animais.Palavras-chaves: músculo esquelético, músculo sóleo, treinamento concorrente, exercício anaeróbico Resumen-"Efecto del entrenamiento concurrente en fibras musculares de las ratas Wistar." Nota el modelado de las fibras musculares en ratas sometidas a diferentes protocolos del entrenamiento físico. Se utilizaron 55 ratas Wistar, que fueron sometidas a cuatro tratamientos diferentes: grupo de control (CTLE), entrenamiento aeróbico (TAE), entrenamiento de fuerza (TF) y la entrenamiento concurrente (TC). La intensidad de entrenamiento aeróbico se determinó por el carga crítica del trabajo. Se utilizó la prueba Kruscal-Wallis para comparaciones múltiples con Dunn del postest, se adoptó el nivel del significancia en 5% (p=0,05). Se ob...

The aim of this study was to propose and cross-validate an anthropometric model for the simultaneous estimation of fat mass (FM), bone mineral content (BMC), and lean soft tissue (LST) using DXA as the reference method. A total of 408 boys (8–18 years) were included in this sample. Whole-body FM, BMC, and LST were measured by DXA and considered as dependent variables. Independent variables included thirty-two anthropometrics measurements and maturity offset determined by the Mirwald equation. From a multivariate regression model (Ymn = x(r + 1)(r + 1)nβ m + εnm), a matrix analysis was performed resulting in a multicomponent anthropometric model. The cross-validation was executed through the sum of squares of residuals (PRESS) method. Five anthropometric variables predicted simultaneously FM, BMC, and LST. Cross-validation parameters indicated that the new model is accurate with high R PRESS 2 values ranging from 0.94 to 0.98 and standard error of estimate ranging from 0.01 to 0.09. The newly proposed model represents an alternative to accurately assess the body composition in male pediatric ages.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo formalizar os termos das respectivas somas de quadrados e hipóteses mais usuais, que são testadas nos modelos com três fatores de efeitos fixos hierarquizados para dados desbalanceados. Discute-se, também, o problema da interpretação de hipóteses associadas às somas de quadrados, bem como comparam-se os resultados fornecidos por alguns softwares estatísticos.

The use of saturated two-level designs is very popular, especially in industrial applications where the cost of experiments is too high. Standard classical approaches are not appropriate to analyze data from saturated designs, since we could only get the estimates of the main factor effects and we would not have degrees of freedom to estimate the variance of the error. In this paper, we propose the use of empirical Bayesian procedures to get inferences for data obtained from saturated designs. The proposed methodology is illustrated assuming a simulated data set

Intermittent training followed by detraining provides the preservation of hepatic tissue and body composition of eutrophic rats in relation to obese rats after the detraining period.