The Multicomponent Anthropometric Model for Assessing Body Composition in a Male Pediatric Population: A Simultaneous Prediction of Fat Mass, Bone Mineral Content, and Lean Soft Tissue

Abstract

The aim of this study was to propose and cross-validate an anthropometric model for the simultaneous estimation of fat mass (FM), bone mineral content (BMC), and lean soft tissue (LST) using DXA as the reference method. A total of 408 boys (8–18 years) were included in this sample. Whole-body FM, BMC, and LST were measured by DXA and considered as dependent variables. Independent variables included thirty-two anthropometrics measurements and maturity offset determined by the Mirwald equation. From a multivariate regression model (Ymn = x(r + 1)(r + 1)nβ m + εnm), a matrix analysis was performed resulting in a multicomponent anthropometric model. The cross-validation was executed through the sum of squares of residuals (PRESS) method. Five anthropometric variables predicted simultaneously FM, BMC, and LST. Cross-validation parameters indicated that the new model is accurate with high R PRESS 2 values ranging from 0.94 to 0.98 and standard error of estimate ranging from 0.01 to 0.09. The newly proposed model represents an alternative to accurately assess the body composition in male pediatric ages.

Prediction Equation for Lower Limbs Lean Soft Tissue in Circumpubertal Boys Using Anthropometry and Biological Maturation

“…Nearly perfect correlations ( r  = 0.98–0.99) between appendicular LST assessed by DXA and skeletal muscle mass determined by MRI were noted in a multi-ethnic adolescents and children, consistent with these assumptions [58]. Total body LST of the present sample of boys 11.0±0.5 years was less (29.0±4.2 kg) than that of young boys 13.7±3.0 years (38.1±12.7 kg) [59], reflecting age and body size variation (stature: 144.8±6.4 kg vs. 158.1±17.7 cm; body mass: 40.2±9.0 kg vs. 50.2±17.4 kg, respectively).…”

Validation of anthropometric models in the estimation of appendicular lean soft tissue in young athletes

“…Even though model 1 was valid, it presented polarization of the mean, underestimating ALST by approximately 1 kg . The newly proposed models were validated by the PRESS method combining the leave-and-out system with adjusted measures (prediction error) to obtain a more accurate estimation of the models' predictive performance 8 . The new models presented greater agreement even for higher ALST and also performed well in all the criteria considered in the Portuguese models (r², concordance, bias, ρ c, association between mean and differences of methods).…”

“…In the days subsequent to data collection, the measurements were replicated in 13 individuals, always within tolerance intervals 20 , as previously described 8 .…”

“…A less costly and more accessible alternative method, when compared to the previous ones, is DXA 2 . It is considered safer because it involves a minimum of radiation 8 and is thus appropriate to measure the body composition of children and adolescents 9 . Even though DXA only makes measurements at level II 3 , it is possible to isolate body regions for analysis, such as the upper limbs, lean mass of the measurement of bone and fat mass called Lean soft tissue (LST) 2 .…”

Estimate of Resting Energy Expenditure by DXA in Boys of Different Nutritional Statuses

“…Previous analyses did not present interracial differences or sports modalities 22 , so the sample was considered homogeneous. The sample was composed of individuals who reported being Caucasians (n=184), Afro-descendants (n=56), Hispanics (n=35), and Asians (n=3).…”