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The leaf essential oils of three Myrtaceae species: Melaleuca leucadendra, Lophostemon confertus and Ugni molinae, non-native to Brazil and growing in the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Oil yields from fresh leaves were 0.76%, 0.08%, and 0.04%, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of M. leucadendra oil was made up of monoterpenes, wherein 1,8-cineole was largely predominant (49%), followed by α-terpineol (7.6%) and terpinen-4-ol (4.3%). The sesquiterpene profile was characterized by a significant amount of viridiflorol (29%). Oil from L. confertus was 42% monoterpenes; the most predominant constituents being α-pinene (20.8%) and α-thujene (7.1%). Total sesquiterpenes (55.4%) comprised spathulenol (28%), globulol (14%), and aromadendrene derivatives (8.5%) as the main species. U. Molinae oil was exclusively composed of sesquiterpenes, with a predominance of β-elemene (44%) followed by β-caryophyllene (7.1%), and bicyclogermacrene (6.7%); guaiol-type alcohols made up 30% of its profile. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time U. Molinae leaf oil composition has been described. The composition of M. leucadendra oil corresponded to a chemotype described for a species growing in Cuba, but was different from that produced by M. leucadendra growing in Egypt, Tunisia, and elsewhere in Brazil. The profile of the L. confertus leaf oil showed high similarity with those described for Australian native specimens, in particular in relation to the relevant presence of α-pinene, aromadendrenes, and the guaiol-type alcohols.

Bauhinia forficata Link is widely used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat several pathologies. Commercial and botanically identified samples were evaluated via a gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector and a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. This procedure allowed the identification of 116 compounds, representing 72% to 96% of the total content of the investigated essential oils. The five samples analyzed showed yields of essential oil ranged from 0.03 to 0.10%, being sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes the major components. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis were used in order to demonstrate variations in the essential oils' composition of B. forficata and were able to clusterize these samples in three groups based on relationships and chemical patterns in essential oils. In natura samples showed to be different from commercial samples and CS3 group was the most distinct group of the commercial samples. In spite of differences among samples, it is concluded that essential oils of B. forficata presented a rich composition, presenting 11 compounds in common between them, which could be possible to establish a set of compounds as chemical markers for the species, still non-existent in literature.

ResumoSolidago chilensis (=Solidago microglossa) é uma espécie amplamente utilizada pela população e constante da lista RENISUS de espécies medicinais utilizadas nos serviços de saúde. Essa espécie é utilizada em desordens inflamatórias em substituição à Arnica montana. Flavonoides agem como anti-inflamatórios por diferentes mecanismos de ação, inibindo enzimas como a fosfolipase, lipoxigenase ou cicloxigenases.Flavonoides derivados da quercetina são inibidores da COX-2 e da NOS e diminuem a adesão de células inflamatórias ao endotélio vascular, sendo os principais componentes dos extratos alcoólicos e hidroalcoólicos de plantas do gênero Solidago. Este trabalho busca contribuir para o atendimento à saúde pública e viabilizar o desenvolvimento sustentável econômico, através da fitoterapia; para a conservação ambiental, pela utilização de inflorescências e, socialmente, visando a inclusão de novo medicamento fitoterápico no SUS.Portanto, são necessárias a validação, a padronização e a garantia da segurança e eficácia das tinturas, determinando seus marcadores químicos e/ou biológicos. A tintura de inflorescências de S. chilensis foi produzida de acordo com a Farmacopeia Brasileira IV (FB 4) e analisada por CLAE-UV-PDA. As substâncias eluídas foram analisadas quanto ao tempo de retenção, sua absorção em UV à 310nm e dados da literatura.Os flavonoides aqui caracterizados são amplamente descritos para o gênero Solidago e Solidago chilensis e, possivelmente, estão relacionados às ações farmacológicas observadas para essa espécie.Palavras-chave: Solidago chilensis. Tintura. Desenvolvimento sustentável. Flavonoides. CLAE. SUS. AbstractIn 2008, the RENISUS list created was considering the used medicinal species in the health services.Solidago chilensis (=Solidago microglossa) species was in this list and it is used instead of an exogenous