Solidagenone is the main active constituent present in Solidago chilensis Meyen which is used in folk medicine to treat pain and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory activity of solidagenone in vitro and in a model of allergic airway inflammation. In vitro studies were performed in activated macrophages and lymphocytes. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin and treated with solidagenone orally (30 or 90 mg/kg body weight) or dexamethasone, as a positive control in our in vivo analysis. Supernatant concentrations of nitrite, TNF and IL‐1β, as well as gene expression of pro‐inflammatory mediators in macrophages cultures, were reduced after solidagenone treatment, without affecting macrophages viability. Besides, solidagenone significantly decreased T cell proliferation and secretion of IFNγ and IL‐2. Th2 cytokine concentrations and inflammatory cell counts, especially eosinophils, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were reduced in mice treated with solidagenone. Histopathological evaluation of lung tissue was performed, and morphometrical analyses demonstrated reduction of cellular infiltration and mucus hypersecretion. Altogether, solidagenone presented anti‐inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo in the OVA‐induced airway inflammation model, suggesting its promising pharmacological use as an anti‐inflammatory agent for allergic hypersensitivity.

Species in the Solidago genus are used worldwide due to the therapeutic activities of their flavonoids and terpenoids. Its anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, analgesic, diuretic, aquaretic, wound-healing properties as well as its ability to relieve burn and insect bites allow use in a variety of situations. This study was carried out to determine the metabolic profile of Solidago canadensis inflorescences (SCAI) to identify the species commercialized in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, and evaluate the medicinal potential compared to S. chilensis and SCAI, which is used in North America and Europe. The UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF revealed the metabolic profile of SCAI, finding the pseudo-molecular ions and characteristic fragments, mainly flavonols (10) such as quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and its glycosides, as well as chlorogenic acid (CA). Eleven substances were identified, confirming the compatibility of the metabolic profile presented in varieties canadensis and scabra of european S. canadensis. The both contain the same flavonoid aglycones, and their glycosides are important chemical and biological markers for extracts and products based on species of the genus Solidago. UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF characterized the extracts, which can help with quality control of raw plant materials and commercialized phytotherapeutics as well as for development of new products and phytomedicines.

Thirty-six compounds were identified from aerial parts of Solidago chilensis cultivated at PAF/FIOCRUZ campus in Rio de Janeiro city (RJ) using solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. These compounds are mainly non-oxygenated mono and sesquiterpenes. Germacrene D is the major compound of two the essential oil analyzed samples (12 to 23%) and of two of the volatiles samples analyzed by SPME (central stems and dry inflorescences samples). Limonene is the major compound in the fresh inflorescences sample (about 21%). The bornil acetate is present in both volatile fractions (16%) and essential oils (7-8%). All the essential oils samples evaluated shown a great antinociceptive activity, considering the used dose of the samples (1 mg/kg) and the standard substance (50 mg/kg). Solidago chilensis is one of Brazil arnicas and it is a medicinal plant widely used by the brazilian population. Other plants of the genus Solidago are also used in traditional medicine in North America and Europe. This is the first report of SPME analysis from Solidago genus and of the antinociceptive effect from Solidago chilensis essential oil.

ResumoSolidago chilensis (=Solidago microglossa) é uma espécie amplamente utilizada pela população e constante da lista RENISUS de espécies medicinais utilizadas nos serviços de saúde. Essa espécie é utilizada em desordens inflamatórias em substituição à Arnica montana. Flavonoides agem como anti-inflamatórios por diferentes mecanismos de ação, inibindo enzimas como a fosfolipase, lipoxigenase ou cicloxigenases.Flavonoides derivados da quercetina são inibidores da COX-2 e da NOS e diminuem a adesão de células inflamatórias ao endotélio vascular, sendo os principais componentes dos extratos alcoólicos e hidroalcoólicos de plantas do gênero Solidago. Este trabalho busca contribuir para o atendimento à saúde pública e viabilizar o desenvolvimento sustentável econômico, através da fitoterapia; para a conservação ambiental, pela utilização de inflorescências e, socialmente, visando a inclusão de novo medicamento fitoterápico no SUS.Portanto, são necessárias a validação, a padronização e a garantia da segurança e eficácia das tinturas, determinando seus marcadores químicos e/ou biológicos. A tintura de inflorescências de S. chilensis foi produzida de acordo com a Farmacopeia Brasileira IV (FB 4) e analisada por CLAE-UV-PDA. As substâncias eluídas foram analisadas quanto ao tempo de retenção, sua absorção em UV à 310nm e dados da literatura.Os flavonoides aqui caracterizados são amplamente descritos para o gênero Solidago e Solidago chilensis e, possivelmente, estão relacionados às ações farmacológicas observadas para essa espécie.Palavras-chave: Solidago chilensis. Tintura. Desenvolvimento sustentável. Flavonoides. CLAE. SUS. AbstractIn 2008, the RENISUS list created was considering the used medicinal species in the health services.Solidago chilensis (=Solidago microglossa) species was in this list and it is used instead of an exogenous