Leaf Essential Oil from Three Exotic Mytaceae Species Growing in the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract

The leaf essential oils of three Myrtaceae species: Melaleuca leucadendra, Lophostemon confertus and Ugni molinae, non-native to Brazil and growing in the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Oil yields from fresh leaves were 0.76%, 0.08%, and 0.04%, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of M. leucadendra oil was made up of monoterpenes, wherein 1,8-cineole was largely predominant (49%), followed by α-terpineol (7.6%) and terpinen-4-ol (4.3%). The sesquiterpene profile was characterized by a significant amount of viridiflorol (29%). Oil from L. confertus was 42% monoterpenes; the most predominant constituents being α-pinene (20.8%) and α-thujene (7.1%). Total sesquiterpenes (55.4%) comprised spathulenol (28%), globulol (14%), and aromadendrene derivatives (8.5%) as the main species. U. Molinae oil was exclusively composed of sesquiterpenes, with a predominance of β-elemene (44%) followed by β-caryophyllene (7.1%), and bicyclogermacrene (6.7%); guaiol-type alcohols made up 30% of its profile. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time U. Molinae leaf oil composition has been described. The composition of M. leucadendra oil corresponded to a chemotype described for a species growing in Cuba, but was different from that produced by M. leucadendra growing in Egypt, Tunisia, and elsewhere in Brazil. The profile of the L. confertus leaf oil showed high similarity with those described for Australian native specimens, in particular in relation to the relevant presence of α-pinene, aromadendrenes, and the guaiol-type alcohols.

Essential Oil from Melaleuca leucadendra: Antimicrobial, Antikinetoplastid, Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Assessment

“…In this sense, Pino et al reported that the analysis of the aerial parts from M. leucadendra collected in Matanzas Province showed also 1,8-cineole (43.0%) as the main compound [ 18 ]; while the major component was viridiflorol (28.2%) in samples from Pinar del Rio Province [ 19 ]. In parallel, other reports showed the 1,8-cineole chemotype from plants growing in Brazil [ 20 ] and Egypt [ 13 ] with 48.7% and 64.3% 1,8-cineole, respectively. Nevertheless, other chemotypes have also been documented based on phenylpropanoids (namely eugenol methyl ether and ( E )- iso -eugenol methyl ether) or nerolidol chemotypes [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Mosquito Larvicidal Activity, Antimicrobial Activity, and Chemical Compositions of Essential Oils from Four Species of Myrtaceae from Central Vietnam

“…There is a third chemotype, dominated by (E)-nerolidol (> 90%), which has been described from Uttarakhand, India [37] and from Pernambuco, Brazil [38]. Chemotype I has also been found in Cuba [39] and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [40]. They were both dominated by 1,8-cineole (43.0% and 48.7%, respectively), but these two samples were also rich in viridiflorol (24.2% and 27.8%, respectively), and therefore, may represent a subtype of chemotype I.…”

“…They were both dominated by 1,8-cineole (43.0% and 48.7%, respectively), but these two samples were also rich in viridiflorol (24.2% and 27.8%, respectively), and therefore, may represent a subtype of chemotype I. An agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out using the M. leucadendra leaf essential oil compositions reported in the literature [14,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] (Figure 3). The cluster analysis reveals two sub-types of chemotype I, the two sub-types of chemotype II, as described by Brophy [14], and chemotype III, the nerolidol chemotype.…”

“…A total of 61 compounds were identified in the leaf oil of S. nervosum, accounting for 90.9% of the composition, with 31.7% monoterpene hydrocarbons, 24.3% sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and 27.9% oxygenated sesquiterpenoids predominating. The leaf essential oil of S. nervosum was rich in (Z)-β-ocimene Australia-IIa [41] Brazil [35] Australia-IIa [14] Pakistan [36] Australia-IIb [14] Australia-IIb [41] Brazil [38] India [45] Egypt [44] Java A1 [47] Java A2 [47] Java A3 [47] Cuba [39] Côte-d'Ivoire [49] Brazil [40] Cuba [46] Benin [48] Venezuela [43] China [42] Vietnam (OL, this work)…”

Analgesic-Like Activity of Essential Oil Constituents: An Update

“…α-Terpineol (α-TPN) is monoterpene alcohol that has been isolated from a variety from natural sources, such as the essential oils from Melaleuca leucadendra [ 157 ], Citrus aurantium [ 158 ] and Nepeta dschuparensis [ 159 ]. There are three isomers, α-, β-, and γ-TPN, the latter two differing only by the location of the double bond.…”