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Since p63 is thought to be a marker of stem cells and may act as an oncogene, our data support the idea that BRCA1 acts as stem cell regulator.

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Estudos recentes apontam a importância de investigações mais abrangentes sobre o universo da formação médica, ressaltando que esta é constituída por um complexo quadro de atitudes. O curso é extenuante e, mesmo assim, os estudantes se envolvem com uma infinidade de atividades extras durante a sua formação, construindo um vasto currículo paralelo. Por meio da "triangulação metodológica", investigaram-se as concepções de estudantes de Medicina sobre as vivências e papéis das atividades extracurriculares. O estudo buscou o diálogo entre três diferentes estratégias: aplicação de questionário aos estudantes do primeiro ao sexto ano de Medicina (n = 423), entrevistas individuais (n = 24) e entrevistas em dois grupos focais (n = 14). Os dados revelaram que os estudantes de Medicina identificam seu envolvimento com atividades extracurriculares como uma tentativa de preencher lacunas curriculares, integrar-se com colegas, suplementar o curso, obter bem-estar, atender a indagações profissionais, enfim, múltiplas motivações. A dimensão individual e coletiva da metodologia permitiu que toda a heterogeneidade relativa ao cotidiano da formação médica acabasse por emergir.

From our findings, we conclude that exercise training exerts remarkable antiproliferative and antiinflammatory effects in the rat colonic mucosa, suggesting that this may be an important mechanism to explain how exercise protects against colonic cancer.

Fluoxetine (FLX) is a drug commonly used as antidepressant. However, its effects on tumorigenesis remain controversial. Aiming to evaluate the effects of FLX treatment on early malignant changes, we analyzed serotonin (5-HT) metabolism and recognition, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), proliferative process, microvessels, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in colon tissue. Male Wistar rats received a daily FLX-gavage (30mgkg(-1)) and, a single dose of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine (DMH; i.p., 125mgkg(-1)). After 6 weeks of FLX-treatment, our results revealed that FLX and nor-fluoxetine (N-FLX) are present in colon tissue, which was related to significant increase in serotonin (5-HT) levels (P<0.05) possibly through a blockade in SERT mRNA (serotonin reuptake transporter; P<0.05) resulting in lower 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels (P<0.01) and, 5-HT2C receptor mRNA expressions. FLX-treatment decreased dysplastic ACF development (P<0.01) and proliferative process (P<0.001) in epithelia. We observed a significant decrease in the development of malignant microvessels (P<0.05), VEGF (P<0.001), and COX-2 expression (P<0.01). These findings suggest that FLX may have oncostatic effects on carcinogenic colon tissue, probably due to its modulatory activity on 5-HT metabolism and/or its ability to reduce colonic malignant events.

While the origin of tumours, whether from one cell or many, has been a source of fascination for experimental oncologists for some time, in recent years there has been a veritable explosion of information about the clonal architecture of tumours and their antecedents, stimulated, in the main, by the ready accessibility of new molecular techniques. While most of these new results have apparently confirmed the monoclonal origin of human epithelial (and other) tumours, there are a significant number of studies in which this conclusion just cannot be made. Moreover, analysis of many articles show that the potential impact of such considerations as patch size and clonal evolution on determinations of clonality have largely been ignored, with the result that a number of these studies are confounded. However, the clonal architecture of preneoplastic lesions provide some interesting insights --many lesions which might have been hitherto regarded as hyperplasias are apparently clonal in derivation. If this is indeed true, it calls into some question our hopeful corollary that a monoclonal origin presages a neoplastic habitus. Finally, it is clear, for many reasons, that methods of analysis which involve the disaggregation of tissues, albeit microdissected, are far from ideal and we should be putting more effort into techniques where the clonal architecture of normal tissues, preneoplastic and preinvasive lesions and their derivative tumours can be directly visualized in situ.