Particleboards were made using particles from sugarcane bagasse and eucalyptus residues of the pulp industry. The particleboard properties were evaluated according to ABNT NBR 14810-1 (2013), ABNT NBR 14810-2 (2013), and ANSI A208.1 (1999) standards, which compared the efficiency of castor oil-based polyurethane resin (PU-Castor) and urea-formaldehyde resin (UF). The particleboards were composed of 60% wood particles and 40% bagasse, with a 10% adhesive dose based on the dry mass of particles. The following parameters were evaluated: apparent density, moisture content (MC), thickness swelling after 24 h, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity to static bending (MOE), and internal bond strength of panels (IB). The results obtained demonstrated the potential use of eucalyptus and sugarcane bagasse residues in the production of high-density particleboards. The panels produced with PU-Castor showed greater efficiency, and their physical and mechanical properties were compatible with the requirements of the Brazilian standard for P4 panels (structural panels for use in dry conditions) and the American standard for H-3 panels (high industrial density).
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a influência do uso de três tipos de adesivo - resina poliuretana bicomponente derivada de mamona, ureia-formaldeído e Purbond - nas propriedades físicas (densidade aparente, teor de umidade, inchamento em espessura em 2 e em 24 h) e mecânicas (módulo de elasticidade e módulo de ruptura na flexão estática; resistência à tração perpendicular às faces) de painéis de partículas aglomeradas constituídos da mistura uniforme de quatro espécies de madeiras tropicais: cedrinho, cordia, fícus e paineira. Foi também avaliada a relação entre a densidade aparente e a resistência à tração perpendicular dos materiais fabricados. Com base em análises estatísticas, constatou-se que os melhores resultados das propriedades físicas foram obtidos com os materiais fabricados com o adesivo à base de mamona. Os materiais elaborados com resina ureia-formaldeído e Purbond apresentaram os melhores resultados para o módulo de elasticidade na flexão, e os fabricados apenas com ureia-formaldeído, os maiores valores do módulo de ruptura na flexão. Os compostos elaborados com a resina Purbond apresentaram os melhores resultados para a resistência à tração perpendicular, e, pelos resultados obtidos na análise de variância, constatou-se a validade da estimativa da resistência à tração pela densidade aparente dos painéis fabricados com o uso dos três tipos de adesivo.
This study aimed to investigate the possibility of using castor-oil based polyurethane resin (PU), formulated with 30 % solids and 70 % solvent, in production of Medium Density Fiberboards (MDF) withPinus caribaeafibers and two percentages of adhesive (5 and 10%). Six panels were fabricated under 4MPa pressing pressure, 190°C temperature. Initial moisture content of fibers was 9%. Properties investigated were: density of the panels; modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus or rupture (MOR) in static bending; and internal adhesion. Requirements of European Code EMB/IS-2 were used for comparison of results. Panels made with 10% of resin presented problems due gases expansion, disrupting the plates. For 5% resin content, mechanical properties investigated were above the requirements of the European Coded values. However, an undesirable odor prevented handling of the resin, in conditions here considered, which motivates the suggestion of new research in order to investigate different ratios between of solids and solvent contents, to completely enable the use of castor-oil based polyurethane resin MDF manufacture.
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a viabilidade da produção de painéis MDF fabricados com madeiras das espécies Pinus caribaea e Eucalyptus grandis e resinas poliuretanas mono e bicomponente derivadas do óleo de mamona, com base nas recomendações da norma europeia Euro MDF Board (EMB/IS-2:1995). Os painéis desenvolvidos com ambas as resinas foram confeccionados com parâmetros de fabricação distintos, em razão de testes preliminares desenvolvidos. Com exceção da absorção de água após 24 horas dos materiais fabricados com a madeira Eucalyptus grandis, todas as demais variáveis resposta atenderam aos requisitos do documento normativo europeu, evidenciando a potencialidade dos materiais fabricados. Entretanto, pelos valores significativamente superiores obtidos das propriedades mecânicas aliados aos excessivos valores da absorção de água, de maneira a contribuir com a possível fabricação dos painéis em escala industrial, novas pesquisas devem ser desenvolvidas, com o objetivo de testar novos valores para os parâmetros de fabricação, que possibilitem a redução dos teores das resinas utilizados.
This research examined the influence of the compositions between coconut fiber (Cocos nucifera) and wood particles (Pinus taeda L. and Eucalyptus saligna) on physico-mechanical properties of homogeneous particleboards. The exploratory study was carried out under Tukey’s contrast test of means, at 5% significance level, with the following compositions: 100% coconut fiber (F100 P0 E0); 50% coconut fiber, 25% pine particles, and 25% eucalyptus particles (F50 P25 E25); and 50% of pine particles and 50% of eucalyptus particles (F0 P50 E50), with particle moisture content between 0% to 2% and 10%, in mass, of polyurethane-castor oil (PU-Castor) resin. Three panels were produced for each composition. The physico-mechanical properties such as density, moisture content, swelling in thickness after 24 h of immersion in water, perpendicular tensile strength, static bending strength, and modulus of elasticity were evaluated using standard methods. The results obtained indicated the potential for using coconut fiber for the production of homogeneous particleboards in view of the minimum criteria required by the normative documents, with emphasis on the physical property of swelling after 24 hours, which obtained a statistically equivalent average relative to the treatment that contained only wood particles.
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