Background: Sweet sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Moench) is a unique crop with great potential to serve both the food and energy industries. It is due to the possibility of (bio)ethanol production both from the juice and biomass of this crop. The sorghum stems juice contains sugar in the levels similar to that of sugarcane. Besides, low cultivation requirements for the sweet sorghum make this crop even more attractive for sugar and ethanol production. In terms of technology, sweet sorghum is seen as a transitional feedstock for the first to the second generation bioethanol production. However, effective technological development of the plant cultivation and processing in the Northern and Central Ukraine is restrained by the lack of a collection of sweet sorghum genotypes and adapted varieties for its large-scale cultivation. Additionally, no evaluations of potential (bio)ethanol productivity have been performed for this region, which is important for efficient implementation of novel biofuel-producing technologies and for successful development of a green economy. Objective: This research was aimed to create a pool of sweet sorghum genotypes with the involvement of worldwide germplasm, analyze their morphology and breed high-yielding plant lines for the efficient production of liquid biofuels for second-generation bioenergy. Based on that, we also aimed to explore the prospects regarding the efficiency of sweet sorghum cultivation for (bio)ethanol production in the Northern and Central Ukraine. Methods and Materials: A valuable gene pool of S. saccharatum (L.) Moench (41 samples) was created; in particular, high-performance genotypes were created for cultivation under the soil-climatic conditions of Ukraine. The bio-morphological features and the yield potential of the plants were determined and the biochemical composition of the phyto-raw materials was determined in different periods of vegetation, in particular, during the technical ripeness of the above-ground mass of plants. The more productive forms and varieties of sugar sorghum in terms of yield, dry matter content, sugar, and energy value of biomass during flowering and waxy ripeness are highlighted. The technological properties of plant biomass for the production of alternative liquid fuels (in particular, bioethanol) have been analyzed. Importantly, optimal cultivation conditions have been elaborated for the newly created sweet sorghum genotypes, and their productivity has also been evaluated. Moreover, for the first time, a detailed study on potential ethanol yield has been conducted. Results: Sweet sorghum has considerable potential in Ukraine as a new sugar-producing energy crop. The germplasm collection of this crop has been created (41 accessions), including introduced and acclimated genotypes and newly bred lines and varieties. The biological performance of sorghum in Ukraine and plant morphology have been analyzed. The most promising genotypes were used for breeding of new high-productive sweet sorghum varieties. The potential (bio)ethanol yield for different sugar feedstocks (juice, grain bagasse) can reach up to 11423 L/ha in total from juice, grain and bagasse. Conclusion: The estimated values of ethanol productivity are comparable to the results of other similar investigations. In conclusion, a high performance of sweet sorghum in Ukraine can be suggested.
Представлені дослідження впливу харчових волокон на бродіння молочної сироватки. Встановлено форми зв'язку вологи в сумішах молочної сироватки і харчових волокон з різним ступенем вологопоглинальної здатності. За основними показниками бродіння визначені оптимальні умови ферментації лактозозброджувальними дріжджами Zygosaccharomyces lactis 868-K сироватково-рослинного сусла. Доведено можливість використання результатів у технології сироваткових ферментованих напоїв підвищеної в'язкості Ключові слова: молочна сироватка, харчові волокна, дріжджі Zygosaccharomyces lactis 868-K, ферментація, сироватково-рослинне сусло підвищеної в'язкості Представлены исследования влияния пищевых волокон на брожение молочной сыворотки. Установлены формы связи влаги в смесях молочной сыворотки и пищевых волокон с разной степенью влагопоглощающей способности. По основным показателям брожения определены рациональные условия ферментации лактосбраживающими дрожжами Zygosaccharomyces lactis 868-K сывороточно-растительного сусла. Доказана возможность использования результатов в технологии сывороточных ферментированных напитков повышенной вязкости Ключевые слова: молочная сыворотка, пищевые волокна, дрожжи Zygosaccharomyces lactis 868-K, ферментация, сывороточно-растительное сусло повышенной вязкости
It is a relevant task to improve the qualitative indicators for products with the modified composition by devising the formulations of fatty mixtures made exclusively from milk fat (in the form of butter or cream) and oils without the use of substitutes for milk fat. Oils are the source not only of polyunsaturated fatty acids, but also natural antioxidants, they do not contain trans-isomers [2]. It is also possible to enrich such products with plant-derived ingredients with multifunctional properties in the functionally substantiated quantities. Typi
The article presents main determination methods of technological parameters of food fibers in milk mixtures of the modified fat composition. The methods of studying the ability of food fibers to water and fat-absorption are offered. The values that characterize swelling parameters of vegetable ingredients in experimental mixtures are obtained. The effectiveness of the method of IR-spectroscopy for indentifying and comparing water-binding forms in mixtures of food fibers with water and butterdish is proved. The indices of thermal stability and degree of liquid fat outflow for mixtures with the modified fat composition with the maximal replacement of cream butter by 25 % of oil are obtained. The research results indicate objective possibilities for the effective use of food fibers Vicetal for stabilizing the structure and preventing consistence defects of products with the modified fat composition.
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