Wild edible fruit species (WEFs) refer to exotic indigenous fruit trees and naturalization occurring in the natural environment. The aim of this study was to investigate indigenous knowledge related to the use of WEFs and assess their contribution to food security and dietary diversity for local people in North Aceh region. From two districts in North Aceh, Indonesia, plant materials were gathered randomly. Using a survey technique and semi-structured interviews, ethnobotanical information was gathered. A total of 60 participants has been surveyed using a simple random sampling questionnaire. The technique and group discussions of the informant agreement were used for cross-examination and verification of information. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and quantitative ethnobotany techniques are used. We have reported 28 species distributed as food based on local allegations in 16 families. Most of these crops are collected from nature by local clients. Garcinia mangostana is of great importance to ICS. These results indicate that many crops can be eaten wild, sometimes reducing food insecurity for individuals in the region in challenging times.
Bacillus thuringiensis is one species of bacteria that has been applied as a microbiological control agent for pests and a vector of plant disease. The availability of Cry proteins in B. thuringiensis can be acted as a specific insect exterminator that only toxic to certain insects. The cryII gene is an example of a type of cry gene that encodes a CryII Protein. The CryII protein is toxic to Lepidoptera insects which can attack Helicoverpa armigera species which is a corn borer. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a general method that can be used to amplify the gene. This research purposed to design a good primer candidate for cryII gene amplification from B. thuringiensis. In silico analysis for designing cryII primer was carried out using some software, such as BLAST for searching cryII gene sequence, Bioedit for sequences alignment, and DINAmelt for analyzing dimer structure of primers. Ten primer candidates were successfully obtained based on the result of the primer 3 software. A pair of primer was selected to amplify the cryII gene, with forward primer 5’-GGTAGTGGACCACAGCAGAC-3’and reverse primer 5’-TCTTCTGGCGCCAAATGGAT-3’. This primer has fulfilled good primer characteristics because it does not cause dimer structure and the resulting amplicons do not form secondary structures. Amplification of the cryI gene by PCR method using selected primer resulting in a PCR product with a length of approximately 800 bp.
Biscuits are a form of a very common and community-favoured dry snack. Other nutrients, such as protein, may increase the nutritional content of biscuits that are dominated by carbohydrate sources. Fish is a type of protein that's rich. The aim of the study was to determine the protein content and acceptability of milkfish (Chanos chanos) flour replacement biscuits. This method of study is experimental with improving the process and one control twice in a randomized design. Milkfish flour replacements are 0 %, 5 %, 10 % and 15 %. By the Kjeldahl process, protein content and acceptance were obtained and checked on 30 panellists. One Way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis, accompanied by DMRT, were used to evaluate the statistical test of protein content and acceptance. The ANOVA test reveals the 0.000-value of the halo protein biscuits. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test showed the colour, aroma, taste, texture, and overall value of the halo biscuits at 0.000. Best protein content with a 15% substitution rate. The most common biscuit for the panellists is the 5% substitution of milkfish flour. The replacement of milkfish flour is affected by protein content and the acceptability of biscuits.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.