Sternbergia fischeriana is an endangered geophyte and therefore in vitro micropropagation of this plant will have great importance for germplasm conservation and commercial production. Bulb scale and immature embryo explants of S. fischeriana were cultured on different nutrient media supplemented with various concentrations of plant growth regulators. Immature embryos produced higher number of bulblets than bulb scales. Large numbers of bulblets were regenerated (over 80 bulblets/explants) from immature embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4 mg l )1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.25 mg l )1 a-naphthaleneacetic (NAA) or 2 mg l )1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D D ) after 14 months of culture initiation. Regenerated bulblets were kept at 5°C for 5 weeks and then transplanted to a potting mixture.

An efficient in vitro bulblet production procedure from immature zygotic embryos of endemic and endangered Muscari muscarimi Medik. was described in the current study. Zygotic embryos were first isolated from immature seeds and cultured on different nutrient media compositions supplemented with various combinations of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), picloram, dicamba, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and thidiazuron (TDZ). The best bulblet regeneration (59 bulblets per explant) was achieved in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 4 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA after 1 year of culture initiation. Regenerated bulblets were then transferred into MS medium without plant growth regulators for rooting. Bulblets produced well-developed root systems and increased their size on this medium after 2 months. All rooted bulblets were successfully transplanted into a potting mixture and acclimatized to ambient conditions.

Habitat destruction has resulted in the extinction of many plant species from the earth, and many more face extinction. Likely, the annual endemic Mediterranean knapweed (Centaurea tchihatcheffii) growing in the Golbasi district of Ankara, Turkey is facing extinction and needs urgent conservation. Plant tissue culture, a potentially useful technique for ex situ multiplication, was used for the restoration of this ill-fated plant through seed germination, micropropagation from stem nodes, and adventitious shoot regeneration from immature zygotic embryos. The seeds were highly dormant and very difficult to germinate. No results were obtained from the micropropagation of stem nodes. However, immature zygotic embryos showed the highest adventitious shoot regeneration on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, containing 1 mg l(-1) kinetin and 0.25 mg l(-1) NAA. Regenerated shoots were best rooted on MS medium containing 1 mg l(-1) IBA and transferred to the greenhouse for flowering and seed set. As such, the present work is the first record of in vitro propagation of critically endangered C. tchihatcheffii, using immature zygotic embryos, and is a step forward towards conservation of this indigenous species.

A procedure has been developed for high frequency adventitious shoot regeneration from lzypocotyls, cotyledon, stem and petiole explants of cicer mil kvetch. All explants isolated from in vitro seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog ( MS) media supplemented with various concentrations of 6-benz_vlaminopurine (BA) and a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to induce adventitious shoot regeneration. Hypocotyl explants appeared to have better regeneration capacity than stem, cotyledon and petiole explants in most of the media tested. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration was achieved from hypocotyl segments through an initial callus growth on MS medium containing 10 J.IM BA and 0.1 J1M NAA. Regenerated shoots were excised and rooted in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 5.4 J.IM NAA. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized to ambient conditions and later established under greenhouse conditions.

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