Women with UP had engaged in fewer healthy practices and experienced more depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Health-care providers should screen for UP at an early stage and offer health education programs to help women to develop positive health practices and to improve their emotional health.

Background: Health risks associated with unhealthy behaviours in adolescent and university students contribute to the development of health problems in later life. During the past twenty years, there has been a dramatic increase in public, private, and professional interest in preventing disability and death through changes in lifestyle and participation in screening programs. The aim of the study was to evaluate university students' health-promoting lifestyle behaviour for cancer prevention. Method: This study was carried out on university students who had education in sports, health and social areas in Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey. The health-promoting lifestyles of university students were measured with the ''health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP)'' The survey was conducted from March 2011 to July 2011 and the study sample consisted of 1007 university students. T-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analyses were used for statistical analyses. Results: In the univariate analyses, the overall HPLP score was significantly related to students' school, sex, age, school grades, their status of received health education lessons, place of birth, longest place of residence, current place of residence, health insurance, family income, alcohol use, their status in sports, and self-perceived health status. Healthier behaviour was found in those students whose parents had higher secondary degrees, and in students who had no siblings. In the multiple regression model, healthier behaviour was observed in Physical Education and Sports students, fourth-year students, those who exercised regularly, had a good self-perceived health status, who lived with their family, and who had received health education lessons. Conclusion: In general, in order to ensure cancer prevention and a healthy life style, social, cultural and sportive activities should be encouraged and educational programmes supporting these goals should be designed and applied in all stages of life from childhood through adulthood.

Discovering women's opinions and knowledge about PST will help healthcare providers determine their information needs.

Our aim was to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Turkish version of the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS). A group of people living in Turkey and receiving treatment for lung cancer at a chest hospital completed the scale. We assessed construct validity of the TNS using confirmatory factor analysis. We evaluated the reliability of the scale using coefficient alpha and the result for the internal consistency reliability of the scale was a coefficient alpha of .95. According to our results, the Turkish version of the TNS is a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of trust in nurses among people in Turkey being treated for lung cancer.

There are inequalities in the achievement of fertility preferences and in accessibility to family planning services between urban and suburban parts of the city.

AIM: The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence and characteristics of women with unwanted pregnancy in rural area and to examine pregnant women’s contraceptive method preferences, satisfaction with the methods and reason the methods discontinuation. METHOD: This study was carried out in Manisa city rural area between the dates of January and June 2011 in women who agreed to participate in the study. The sample of the research is composed of 239 pregnant women. The research was a descriptive, cross-sectional and field study and the data was collected by using questionnaire which was prepared by researcher. Data was gathered through the face to face interview with the women at their home. Statistical analyses were undertaken using SPSS version 11.5. Descriptive analysis, Pearson’s Chi-square (χ²) test, fisher exact test, and t-test were used statistical evaluation. RESULTS: Of the 239 pregnancies, 64 (26.8%) were unwanted pregnancies. The mean age of women was respectively 25.0±5.0, and 29.0±5.4 years, for wanted, and unwanted pregnancies. Women with unwanted pregnancies were older, less educated, they had less educated husbands, had low income level, had more pregnancies, deliveries, had less than two years interval between their births. Unwanted pregnancies were observed in women using the coitus interrupts method (%53.1), effective contraceptive methods (%54.3) and not using any method (%16.3) (p<0.05). The most reasons for discontinuation were reported pregnant women as follows: side effects of methods, disapproval for husband, pregnancy occurs using the method, believe for ineffective contraceptive methods. CONCLUSION: In order to reduce the number of unwanted pregnancies and wanted abortions which reversely affect the women healthy; an appropriate contraception method must be employed. Health care providers should identify women with unwanted pregnancy to understand women's concerns and experiences using contraception. This approach could help health care providers redesign counseling strategies to improve contraceptive continuation. ds: This study was carried out in Manisa city rural area between the dates of January and June 2011 in women who agreed to participate in the study. The sample of the research is composed of 239 pregnant women. The research was a descriptive, cross-sectional and field study and the data was collected by using questionnaire which was prepared by researcher. Data was gathered through the face to face interview with the women at their home. Statistical analyses were undertaken using SPSS version 11.5. Descriptive analysis, Pearson’s Chi-square (χ²) test, fisher exact test, and t-test were used statistical evaluation. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2012; 11(3.000): 315-324

Summary:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment methods of progestagen with PMSG in Awassi ewes out of the breeding season. A total of 48 ewes were divided into four groups equally. In Group I, vaginal sponges (30 mg fluorogestone acetate; FGA) were administered to ewes for seven days; afterwards vaginal sponge removal at the end of 7 th days and new vaginal sponge replaced for seven days in the same group. Vaginal sponges were administered for 7 days and 14 days in Group II and Group III, respectively. Group IV (Control) served as control group. In all experimental groups, 500 IU PMSG was given at sponge removal. Parameters such as estrus response rate, pregnancy and lambing rates, interval from sponge withdrawal to onset of estrus, duration of estrus and fecundity were evaluated. There were no significant differences in terms of estrus response rate, pregnancy rate, lambing rate, and fecundity between the Group I, II and III (p>0.05). In addition to this, any difference in the duration of estrus was not observed in all groups. However, variations in the interval from sponge removal to estrus was found significant (p<0.05) differences between Group II (53±3.37 h) and Group III (41.5±1.81 h). A slight increase in progesterone levels was observed after ram introduction, but a significant decrease in progesterone levels was found after two weeks from ram introduction (p<0.05). It was concluded that there was no advantage of using two subsequent sponge treatments for achieving high progesterone concentration during treatment. In addition, short-term sponge treatment (7d) was found as effective as long-term sponge treatment in Awassi ewes out of the breeding season.Key words: Anestrus, awassi, estrus response, ewe, progestagen Ardışık iki kısa süreli, kısa süreli ve uzun süreli progestagen uygulamasının üreme mevsimi dışındaki İvesi koyunlarının dölverimine etkisi Özet: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üreme mevsimi dışında İvesi koyunlarında PMSG ile birlikte farklı progestagen uygulamalarının etkinliğini araştırmaktı. Toplam 48 baş koyun 4 eşit gruba bölündü. Grup I, vaginal süngerler (30 mg FGA) koyunlara 7 gün süreyle uygulandı, daha sonra 7. günde çıkarılan süngerin yerine yeni sünger tekrar 7 gün süreyle yerleştirildi. Grup II ve Grup III'de vaginal süngerler sırasıyla 7 ve 14 gün uygulandı. Grup IV, kontrol grubunu oluşturdu. Çalışma gruplarının tümünde süngerlerin çıkarıldığı anda 500 IU PMSG yapıldı. Östrusa gelme oranı, gebelik ve kuzulama oranları, süngerin çıkarılmasından sonra östrusa gelme aralığı ve östrus süresi ile verimlilik gibi parametreler değerlendirildi. Östrusa gelme, gebelik ve kuzulama oranları ile doğurganlık açısından Grup I, II ve III arasında önemli bir farklılık bulunmadı. Buna ilaveten, tüm gruplarda östrus süresi istatistiksel açıdan farklı olmadı. Ancak, süngerlerin çıkarılmasından sonra östrusa gelme süreleri açısından Grup II (53±3,37 saat) ve Grup III (41,5±1.81 saat) arasında önemli farklılıklar bulundu (p<0.05). Koç katımından sonra progesteron (P4) s...

The aim of the study was to identify the effect of prenatal smoking on mother and newborn health. The study was carried out in 700 women, who delivered at Merkez Efendi Maternity and Children's Hospital between 1 st January, 2011 and 31 st December, 2011.Of the sample of women, 15.6% were current and 7.3% were quitting smokers. Women who continued smoking during pregnancy lived in households with husband who smoked and had higher rates of depressive symptoms and pregnancy included hypertension. Smoker women more likely reported to expose physical violence during pregnancy by their partner. Meconium in amniotic fluid was associated with women smoking status. Newborns who were exposed to tobacco smoke prenatally had deficits in weight (-186.6 gr), height (-0.9 cm) and head circumference at birth (-0.6 cm). In the study when women quit smoking during the first trimester, their infants have anthropometric measures similar to infants of nonsmokers.Smoking during pregnancy was related to low birth weight, height, and with small head circumference. Smoking cessation during pregnancy may have a greater impact on baby anthropometrics measures which were similar to infants of nonsmokers. To protect the health of their future unborn children, it would be optimal to target all women of reproductive age to quit smoking before they consider becoming pregnant.