Resumo:A disponibilidade e usos da água na região Nordeste do Brasil, particularmente na região semiárida, continuam a ser uma questão importante no que concerne ao seu desenvolvimento. A população sofre com graves problemas acarretados pela escassez de água, que inviabilizam a produção agrícola e, consequentemente, a sobrevivência em condições dignas, gerando situações de fome e miséria. Objetivou-se identificar os efeitos da escassez hídrica na economia do perímetro irrigado de São Gonçalo no município de Sousa, Paraíba no período de 2012 a 2016. O trabalho foi desenvolvido através da aplicação de questionários com prévio consentimento da população entrevistada residente nos três núcleos habitacionais e no distrito de São Gonçalo. Também foram realizadas visitas ao Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas e à Agência Executiva de Gestão das Águas do Estado da Paraíba, para coleta de dados sobre a economia do perímetro, informações sobre produção e volumes do açude São Gonçalo. Ocorreram perdas com a produção de banana e, principalmente, de coco; aumentou o desemprego; logo, elevou-se o êxodo rural e a violência com alto índice de assaltos. A vulnerabilidade hídrica desencadeia outras vulnerabilidades: econômicas, sociais e ambientais, condicionando o desenvolvimento das populações do semiárido.Palavras-chave: Água; Impactos; Irrigação; Seca. Abstract:The availability and uses of water in the northeastern region of Brazil, particularly in the semi-arid region, continue to be an important issue in its development. The population suffers from serious problems caused by water scarcity, which makes agricultural production unviable and, consequently, survival in dignified conditions, generating situations of hunger and misery. The objective was to identify the effects of water scarcity on the economics of the irrigated perimeter of São Gonçalo in the municipality of Sousa, Paraíba, between 2012 and 2016. The work was developed through the application of questionnaires with prior consent of the interviewed population residing in the housing nuclei I, II and III and in the district of São Gonçalo. Visits were also made to the National Department of Works Against Drought and to the Executive Agency for Water Management of the State of Paraíba, to collect data on the perimeter economy, information on production and volumes of the São Gonçalo dam. There were losses with the production of banana and, mainly, of coconut; Increased unemployment; Soon the rural exodus and the violence with a high rate of assaults rose. Water vulnerability triggers other vulnerabilities: economic, social and environmental, conditioning the development of semi-arid populations.
This study developed and evaluated the efficiency of methods to produce hydroalcoholic extract of Bishop’s Crown pepper. Analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of independent variables (ethanol concentration of the extracting solution and resting time) over the dependent variables (percent yield, acidity, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, anthocyanin content and vitamin C). The interactions between the variables were studied through seven factorial experiments. Percent yield (Y%), carotenoids, phenolic compounds and vitamin C were the most satisfactory responses found in this research. The ethanol concentration of the extracting solution (ES) presented significant effect in the Y%, showing better results for extracts produced with a 55%-ethanol ES, while carotenoids, phenolic compounds and vitamin C displayed significant differences according to the ethanol concentration, being these substances found in higher concentrations in extracts produced with the use of an 85%-ethanol ES. Therefore, the higher the ES ethanol concentration, higher is the retention of the bioactive compounds.
<p>A <em>Moringa oleifera</em> é uma planta altamente valorizada, devido a sua composição nutricional, por isso, o conhecimento do valor da sua composição química é de extrema importância. É considerada uma Planta Alimentícia Não Convencional e o potencial de uso dessa categoria de plantas no Brasil ainda é pouco estudado e exige a realização de mais estudos, que podem se tornar ferramentas importantes no estabelecimento de sistemas de produção em bases sustentáveis. Teve-se como objetivo comparar a composição físico-química das sementes de moringa oriundas de dois estados do Nordeste brasileiro. As sementes utilizadas na pesquisa foram oriundas dos estados da Bahia e Paraíba. No Laboratório de Processamento e Armazenamento de Produtos Agrícolas, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande realizaram-se as análises físico-químicas: teor de água, atividade de água, acidez total titulável, pH, cinzas, proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios. As sementes dos dois estados apresentam baixo teor e atividade de água, e baixa acidez. O pH foi classificado como pouco ácido, a quantidade de cinzas foi superior ao da literatura citada, ambas as sementes contém alto teor proteico.</p>
While acerola is a source of minerals and vitamins, jambolan has a high content of phenolic compounds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the mixed jambolan, and acerola pulp obtained by drying them in a foam mat. Three foams were produced, composed of mixed pulp + 1% albumin and 0.5% additives (F1: xanthan gum; F2: carboxymethylcellulose; and F3: guar gum), subjected to agitation to form the foam and distributed in trays with 0.5 cm thick and dehydrated at 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme (3 formulations and 4 drying temperatures) with three replications for the analyses. All powders showed low water content and water activity. All dry samples showed high levels of ascorbic acid and bioactive compounds. However, the increase in drying temperatures resulted in a reduction in acidity. The powders with xanthan gum (F1) generated higher levels of proteins and flavonoids, while the samples with guar gum (F3) had higher levels of solubility and; powders with carboxymethylcellulose (F2) had higher contents of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, standing in nutritional and functional components among the formulations for drying in a foam mat
The flours of germinated pumpkin seeds of Crown, Jacarezinho, and Italian varieties were evaluated. The flours showed a predominance of yellow intensity, high content of minerals, and total phenolic compounds with important in vitro antioxidant potential. There was a predominance of flavonoids (myricetin, procyanidin B2, and procyanidin B1). The degradation of phenolic compounds was satisfactorily predicted by zero‐order (Crown and Italian) and first‐order (Jacarezinho) equations. The flours were considered non‐toxic, with morphologically irregular particles and predominance of amorphous characteristics. The FTIR spectra showed the bands of the main components, indicating the presence of starch, lipids, and proteins. The thermal properties showed distinct gelatinization peaks between the flours, while the TGA and DTG curves showed greater mass loss during the carbonization of the material in the three flours. The flours studied have some distinct characteristics, with great potential for use in various formulations and preparations of functional foods. Novelty impact statement Germinated pumpkin seed flours have high content of minerals, total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, concentration of crude fiber, and flavanoids. As for morphology, they showed a predominance of amorphous characteristics. The FTIR spectra showed the presence of starch, lipids, and proteins in the flours. Thus, germination followed by convective drying for the production of pumpkin seed flours proved to be effective and sustainable to make new flour options available on the market that can contribute to improving the nutritional and functional profile of foods.
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