The article presents preliminary results of studies on the assessment of VNIISPK breeding common quince use as an intensive type seedling rootstock for pear cultivation in the conditions of Central Russia. It was established that the common quince of VNIISPK breeding is suitable to be used as seedling rootstock of pear in conditions of the Russian midland and has sufficient winter resistance of overground and root systems, high seedling yield in seedling rootstock breeding and good compatibility with some pear varieties. Strong fusion with the rootstock and active growth development when using an apple-pear hybrid No. 818 was noted; it can be recommended as an intermediate stock (mediator) in incompatible variety-rootstock combinations. Research in this direction will be continued.
The interim results of many years of work on the creation of pear varieties - genetic dwarfs and dwarf rootstocks of an intensive type with a high adaptive potential suitable for setting intensive gardens in the conditions of the Central region of Russia are presented. At the first stage in the creation of intensive pear varieties obtained from crossing of highly winter-resistant and disease-resistant donors of various genetic origins with donors of monogenic determined dwarfism, high winter-resistant dwarf donors with group resistance to diseases were obtained. Among the seedlings obtained, promising forms were noted – 1-4-38, 1-6-74, 1-6-79, 1-6-83, which have a number of economically useful traits that are valuable for further work in the direction of obtaining super-intensive pear varieties. Preliminary data on the assessment of common quince as an intensive pear rootstock are given. The high winter-hardiness of common quince plants in the conditions of the Orel region is shown, the possibility of selected forms to propagate well with green cuttings and provide a high yield of homogeneous planting material is determined. High indicators of seed productivity and rootstock yield were noted in comparison with green cuttings. The preliminary results of the assessment of common quince compatibility with some pear varieties in nursery are presented. The prospects of the apple-pear hybrid as an intermediary in incompatible scion-rootstock combinations with dwarf rootstocks of VNIISPK breeding are shown.
The paper presents the results of assessing the compatibility of 22 pear cultivars promising for industrial production with dwarf rootstocks based on common quince of VNIISPK breeding. There was good accretion with the rootstock and full-fledged development of 10 pear cultivars: Yeseninskaya, Tyutchevskaya, Muratovskaya, Pamyati Yakovleva, Bryanskaya Krasavitsa, Belorusskaya Pozdnya, Nika, Lira and Conference, as well as Alaya, an elite form of VNIISPK breeding. 5 pear cultivars had negative affinity: Orlovskaya Krasavitsa, Orlovskaya Letnya Skorospelka from Michurinsk, Rusanovskaya and Tikhiy Don. They require an intermediary with good compatibility with the stock. Satisfactory compatibility was revealed for Ploshanskaya as well as for 7 pear cultivars in the nursery, the consequence of which was good accretion with rootstocks, but weak development of grafts and low yield of seedlings in production (Annushka, Prosto Maria, Pamyatnaya, Chizhevskaya, Krasavitsa Chernenko, Vidnaya).
The article presents the results of research on optimizing the methods of intensification of growing seed rootstocks based on common quince of VNIISPK breeding in a nursery. In the course of the research, it has been found that the highest yield of seed rootstocks with optimal economic and biological characteristics is provided by sowing germinated seeds in late April. Seeds should be sown in artificial beds according to the scheme of 0.5 cm x 20 cm, which will allow to obtain a high yield of seedlings of good quality and increase the efficiency of growing seed rootstocks. With a dense sowing scheme, annual growth does not form branches. A close linear relationship has also been found between the length of annual growth and the length of skeletal roots of seedlings, from which it follows that the longer the growth of a seedling is, the longer its roots are. There is a decrease in the yield and quality indicators of rootstocks when sowing in the field in the seedling nursery, and the additional rearing of seedlings is necessary in the nursery. The studies in this direction will be continued.
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