Relevance. Unfortunately, there are no intensive pear plantations in the central regions of Russia due to the absence of intensive dwarf rootstocks. Therefore, the research aimed at obtaining winter-hardy rootstocks that provides early industrial fruiting of gardens, limits plant growth and gives a quick return on investment, is very important and can be applied in many different ways.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the laboratory of selection and variety study of pears and non-traditional pome crops of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (FSBSI VNIISPK). The object of the research was the common quince selected by FSBSI VNIISPK. In 2008-2010 and 2012-2014 we studied the economic and biological characteristics of the common quince as clonal pear rootstocks when propagated by green cuttings.Results. The research results show high winter hardiness of the common quince plants in Oryol region, as well as their high regenerative capacity in case of damage caused by adverse winter conditions. It was determined that some types of common quince can be reproduced by green cuttings and provide a high yield of uniform planting material. The common quince has a high seed productivity that allows to get seedling rootstocks of high quality. Some pear cultivars demonstrate a good compatibility with the common quince, moderate growth and high early maturity in comparison with the pear rootstock; there are also preliminary data on compatibility of 11 pear cultivars in a nursery, and 4 cultivars that are incompatible with the common quince.
The article presents preliminary results of studies on the assessment of VNIISPK breeding common quince use as an intensive type seedling rootstock for pear cultivation in the conditions of Central Russia. It was established that the common quince of VNIISPK breeding is suitable to be used as seedling rootstock of pear in conditions of the Russian midland and has sufficient winter resistance of overground and root systems, high seedling yield in seedling rootstock breeding and good compatibility with some pear varieties. Strong fusion with the rootstock and active growth development when using an apple-pear hybrid No. 818 was noted; it can be recommended as an intermediate stock (mediator) in incompatible variety-rootstock combinations. Research in this direction will be continued.
The article presents the results of 20 years of research on the implementation of a project to create pear varieties and complex donors of monogenously determined dwarfism (gene D) with high winter hardiness, group resistance to fungal diseases — scab (Venturia pirina Aderh., brownish (Entomosporium maculatum Lev.) and Septoria (Septoria piricola Desm.) and bright red color of fruits (gene C). The research was conducted according to generally accepted methods in the pear breeding gardens of Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding in 2000-2019. The study objects were populations of hybrid pear seedlings obtained from targeted crosses of highly adaptive forms and hybrids of pears with descendants of the 4th generation of the Karlikovaya Zelyonaya variety (Nain Vert), heterozygous for the dwarfism gene (Dd) in the first stage, and hybrid seedlings from crossing a DK-2 donor with sources of good fruit taste in the second stage. The aim of the research was to identify winter-hardy complex donors of dwarfism for further use in breeding programs for the creation of intensive pear varieties. Seedlings were grown using conventional technology in a breeding garden on a plot with dark gray forest soil. As a result of research for further use in breeding as complex donors of dwarfism, winter hardiness, group resistance to fungal diseases and red color of fruits, 3 forms were selected in the second stage of crosses (DK-1-6-57, DK-1-674, DK-1-4-38). Their use in long-term innovative breeding programs for the creation of intensive pear varieties will allow to conduct rejections at the early stages of ontogenesis and thereby to reduce the volume of hybrid families by 2-4 times. These complex donors are briefly characterized.
The interim results of many years of work on the creation of pear varieties - genetic dwarfs and dwarf rootstocks of an intensive type with a high adaptive potential suitable for setting intensive gardens in the conditions of the Central region of Russia are presented. At the first stage in the creation of intensive pear varieties obtained from crossing of highly winter-resistant and disease-resistant donors of various genetic origins with donors of monogenic determined dwarfism, high winter-resistant dwarf donors with group resistance to diseases were obtained. Among the seedlings obtained, promising forms were noted – 1-4-38, 1-6-74, 1-6-79, 1-6-83, which have a number of economically useful traits that are valuable for further work in the direction of obtaining super-intensive pear varieties. Preliminary data on the assessment of common quince as an intensive pear rootstock are given. The high winter-hardiness of common quince plants in the conditions of the Orel region is shown, the possibility of selected forms to propagate well with green cuttings and provide a high yield of homogeneous planting material is determined. High indicators of seed productivity and rootstock yield were noted in comparison with green cuttings. The preliminary results of the assessment of common quince compatibility with some pear varieties in nursery are presented. The prospects of the apple-pear hybrid as an intermediary in incompatible scion-rootstock combinations with dwarf rootstocks of VNIISPK breeding are shown.
The article presents the data based on 17 year-research – PYRUS DWARFT – aimed at developing varieties and complex donors of monogenously determined dwarfism (gene D), high winter hardiness, group-resistance to fungal diseases (Venturia pirina Aderh., Entomosporium maculatum Lev., Septoria piricola Desm.) and the bright red colour of a pear fruit (gene C). Their use in long-term innovative breeding technologies for obtaining pear varieties of the intensive type will allow screening at the early stages of ontogenesis and thereby reduce the number of hybrid families by 2–4 times. A brief description of complex donors is provided in the paper.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.