Dwarf varieties and rootstocks - the basis for creating intensive pear gardens in Central Russia

Abstract

The interim results of many years of work on the creation of pear varieties - genetic dwarfs and dwarf rootstocks of an intensive type with a high adaptive potential suitable for setting intensive gardens in the conditions of the Central region of Russia are presented. At the first stage in the creation of intensive pear varieties obtained from crossing of highly winter-resistant and disease-resistant donors of various genetic origins with donors of monogenic determined dwarfism, high winter-resistant dwarf donors with group resistance to diseases were obtained. Among the seedlings obtained, promising forms were noted – 1-4-38, 1-6-74, 1-6-79, 1-6-83, which have a number of economically useful traits that are valuable for further work in the direction of obtaining super-intensive pear varieties. Preliminary data on the assessment of common quince as an intensive pear rootstock are given. The high winter-hardiness of common quince plants in the conditions of the Orel region is shown, the possibility of selected forms to propagate well with green cuttings and provide a high yield of homogeneous planting material is determined. High indicators of seed productivity and rootstock yield were noted in comparison with green cuttings. The preliminary results of the assessment of common quince compatibility with some pear varieties in nursery are presented. The prospects of the apple-pear hybrid as an intermediary in incompatible scion-rootstock combinations with dwarf rootstocks of VNIISPK breeding are shown.