BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia have a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases, which is associated with early mortality compared with the nonschizophrenic population. Early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases in asymptomatic periods in patients with schizophrenia would enhance their quality of life and reduce mortality. Echocardiography, carotid ultrasonography, and ankle brachial index (ABI) measurement are known to be beneficial methods of detecting subclinical cardiovascular diseases and of risk stratification. The present study investigated carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and ABI and echocardiographic parameters measured via conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with a control group.MethodsThe present case-control study included 116 patients with schizophrenia and 88 healthy patients. Participants with any current comorbid psychiatric disorder, current or lifetime neurological and medical problems, current coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism or who were using antihypertensives, antidiabetic agents, or antiobesity drugs were excluded. High-resolution B-mode ultrasound images were used to measure CIMT. Conventional and tissue Doppler measurements were performed according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography.ResultsLow ABI, mitral ratio of the early (E) to late (A) ventricular filling velocities, septal E′, septal S′, lateral E′, lateral S′, septal E′/septal A′, lateral E′/lateral A′, and high septal A′, mitral E/septal E′, mitral E/lateral E′, and CIMT values were observed in the schizophrenia group compared with the control group.ConclusionDoppler parameters supported the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia are at high risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Background and objective:The present study attempted to assess childhood trauma events and dissociative symptoms in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
Method:The study included all patients who were admitted for the first time to the psychiatric outpatient unit over a 24-month period. Seventy-eight patients were diagnosed as having OCD during the twoyear study period. Childhood traumatic events were assessed with a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). A Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q) was also used to measure dissociative symptoms. Results: The mean of Y-BOCS points were 23.37 ± 7.27. Dissociation questionnaire scores were between 0.40 and 3.87 and the mean was 2.23 ± 0.76. Childhood trauma points were 1.27-4.77 and the mean was 2.38 ± 0.56. There was no statistically significant relationship between Y-BOCS points and childhood trauma points (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between Y-BOCS points and DIS-Q points. There was no statistically significant relationship between DIS-Q points and childhood trauma points (p > 0.05).
Conclusion:Childhood trauma questionnaire points might be significant clinically, although there was not a statistically significant correlation in our study. We also conclude that dissociative symptoms among patients with OCD should alert clinicians to treatment of the disorder.
Klozapine bağlı siyalorenin patofizyolojisi ve güncel tedavi seçenekleri Klozapin yaklaşık 40 yıldır şizofreni tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır ve kayda değer yan etkileri bulunmasına rağmen, tedaviye dirençli şizofrenide halen altın standarttır. Klozapin tedavisi sırasında sık karşılaşılan ve hastaların yaşam kalitesini önemli düzeyde etkileyebilen bir yan etki de siyaloredir. Klozapinin belirgin antikolinerjik yan etkilerine karşın, halen hangi mekanizmayla siyaloreye neden olduğu net biçimde bilinmemektedir. Sık karşılaşılmasına ve yaşam kalitesini belirgin biçimde etkileyebilmesine rağmen, siyalorenin tedavisinde halen mevcut seçeneklerin başarı oranı kısıtlıdır. Bu yazıda, klozapine bağlı gelişen siyalorenin patofizyolojisi ve tedavi seçenekleri güncel bilgiler ışığında gözden geçirilmiştir.
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