Executive function and genetic loading in nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenia patients

Aydın, Erkan; Ülgen, Mine Cansu; Tabo, Abdulkadi̇r; Balaban, Özlem Devrim; Yeşilyurt, Sema; Yumrukçal, Hüseyin

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.12.027

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, cortical GM volume is a composite measure comprising two independent components: cortical thickness and surface area (34). Recent AN studies evaluated cortical thickness (20,35), folding, or gyrification (36,37).…”

Section: Structural Neuroimaging Techniques In An Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, adolescents and adults may differ in the persistence and prognostic implications of structural alterations. Reports relating GM differences to clinical variables or cognitive function (19,22,32,54,55) are also heterogeneous—the only reliable predictor is body mass index (20,31,35,56). Similarly diverse findings from the small DTI literature in AN (Supplemental Table S1) hint at altered anisotropy and/or diffusivity in a range of WM tracts, including the cingulum, corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and, most frequently, fornix (17,30).…”

Section: Current State Of Structural Neuroimaging Research In Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies should therefore carefully control and assess dietary intake, for example, by scanning at the same time of day after a standardized nutritional regimen. While some studies are vague regarding the nutritional status (37,40), others report scanning within the first days of patient care in a highly controlled environment (19,20,41–43), and still others report scanning after initial realimentation (1–2 weeks) (22,35,39). The former strategy captures AN in the natural disease state, but the latter reduces the effects of extreme malnutrition.…”

Section: Current State Of Structural Neuroimaging Research In Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Neuroimaging of Anorexia Nervosa: Future Directions in the Quest for Mechanisms Underlying Dynamic Alterations

King

Frank

Thompson

et al. 2018

Biological Psychiatry

123

138

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and extreme weight loss. Pseudoatrophic brain changes are often readily visible in individual brain scans, and AN may be a valuable model disorder to study structural neuroplasticity. Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have found reduced gray matter volume and cortical thinning in acutely underweight patients to normalize following successful treatment. However, some well-controlled studies have found regionally greater gray matter and persistence of structural alterations following long-term recovery. Findings from diffusion tensor imaging studies of white matter integrity and connectivity are also inconsistent. Furthermore, despite the severity of AN, the number of existing structural neuroimaging studies is still relatively low, and our knowledge of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms for macrostructural brain changes is rudimentary. We critically review the current state of structural neuroimaging in AN and discuss the potential neurobiological basis of structural brain alterations in the disorder, highlighting impediments to progress, recent developments, and promising future directions. In particular, we argue for the utility of more standardized data collection, adopting a connectomics approach to understanding brain network architecture, employing advanced magnetic resonance imaging methods that quantify biomarkers of brain tissue microstructure, integrating data from multiple imaging modalities, strategic longitudinal observation during weight restoration, and large-scale data pooling. Our overarching objective is to motivate carefully controlled research of brain structure in eating disorders, which will ultimately help predict therapeutic response and improve treatment.

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Section: Structural Neuroimaging Techniques In An Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current State Of Structural Neuroimaging Research In Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Current State Of Structural Neuroimaging Research In Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Structural Neuroimaging of Anorexia Nervosa: Future Directions in the Quest for Mechanisms Underlying Dynamic Alterations

King

Frank

Thompson

et al. 2018

Biological Psychiatry

123

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, to date, few studies of SZ endophenotype have focused on neurocognitive functions. Prior studies have found deficits in executive function (Trail Making Test) (Aydin et al, 2017 ), memory (working memory (de Leeuw et al, 2013 ) and declarative memory (Trandafir et al, 2006 ) and attention (Massuda et al, 2013 ). However, the basic nature of the visual characteristics of siblings is unclear, especially in terms of binocular competition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Slow Binocular Rivalry as a Potential Endophenotype of Schizophrenia

Xiao

Chen

et al. 2018

Front. Neurosci.

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Objectives: Binocular rivalry is a typical example of bistable perception that arises when two monocular images are simultaneously presented to each eye. Binocular rivalry is a heritable perceptual cognitive function that is impaired in patients with schizophrenia (SZ). Despite its potential suitability as a visual endophenotype, binocular rivalry has hardly been studied in the unaffected siblings of schizophrenia (SIB). There is also little research about whether binocular rivalry is a potential visual endophenotype between SZ and SIB.Methods: In our cross-sectional study, we included 40 SZ and their unaffected SIBs, as well as 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). All subjects underwent the binocular rivalry test, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and a battery of cognitive neuropsychological assessments evaluating attention, memory and executive function domains.Results: Our results demonstrate that the switching rate in SZ was significantly slower than in HC (p < 0.001), and compared to the SIB, the mean alternation rates were significantly different (p < 0.01). Moreover, there was a significant difference in mean switching rate between the SIB and the HC (p < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the alternation rate of binocular rivalry and these cognitive tasks and the PANSS scores.Conclusion: The present study shows that SZ and SIB both exhibit changes in binocular rivalry, with SIB exhibiting intermediate performance compared with that of SZ and the HC. This supports the claim that the switching rate for SZ differs from that of SIB and suggests that binocular rivalry may qualify as a visual endophenotype for SZ.

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“…In the ANCOVA result for differences in cognitive tasks, the three groups only showed significant differences in the completion time and number of errors in the TMT-B test. Previous research has shown that although TMT-B time and TMT-B errors can both reflect participants' executive function, TMT-B time has a stronger correlation with visual movement, while the performance of TMT-B errors has a stronger correlation with working memory (35,36). In the regression analysis, there was a significant correlation between BZD using time and BVMT-R N1 score reflecting immediate visual memory.…”

Section: Bzd Use and The Altered Cognition Domains In Highly Educatedmentioning

confidence: 74%

Is the Long-Term Use of Benzodiazepines Associated With Worse Cognition Performance in Highly Educated Older Adults?

et al. 2020

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Background: Benzodiazepines (BZD) are common medications for sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic that are especially prevalent in older adults. Previous studies have shown that BZD use could impair users' cognition, significantly affecting their quality of life. Past research has shown that higher education might play a protective role in the process of cognitive decline. Very few studies had examined the cognitive effects of BZD on highly educated older adults. The study aimed to explore how cognitive functions would be affected by benzodiazepines among highly educated older adults. Method: 140 older adults with an average education period of 14.8 years were included in this study. The subjects were divided into three separate groups, the long-term BZD users (≥180 days), short-term BZD users (<180 days), and non-users. Demographics and cognitive assessments for the three groups were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the chi-squared test, and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). To examine the association between BZD use and cognition a multiple linear aggression approach was used. Result: All three groups were significantly different from each other when looking at executive functioning in the Trail Making Test B (TMT-B). Compared to the control group, short-term BZD users showed significant defects in TMT-B time (p = 0.002) and TMT-B errors (p < 0.001); long-term BZD users showed significant defect on TMT-B time (p = 0.041). Compared to short-term BZD users, long-term BZD users showed significant merit on TMT-B errors (p = 0.001). No significant differences were found in other cognitive tasks that reflected general cognition, verbal memory, language fluency, and visual memory. After adjusting for demographic, increased BZD use over time was positively associated with scores for the revised Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (r = 0.377, p = 0.012). Conclusion: BZD use may be significantly associated with worse executive functioning in highly educated older adults. However, there is no association between the duration of BZD use and increased cognitive deficits in highly educated older adults. This study Liu et al. Benzodiazepine Use and Cognition Decline identified future experimental directions including potential longitudinal studies, within-subject studies comparing mood disorder patients' cognitive performance before and after onset of BZD use, and between-subject studies that directly compare BZD's effect on subjects with the same baseline of cognitive functioning.

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Executive function and genetic loading in nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenia patients

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Structural Neuroimaging of Anorexia Nervosa: Future Directions in the Quest for Mechanisms Underlying Dynamic Alterations

Structural Neuroimaging of Anorexia Nervosa: Future Directions in the Quest for Mechanisms Underlying Dynamic Alterations

Slow Binocular Rivalry as a Potential Endophenotype of Schizophrenia

Is the Long-Term Use of Benzodiazepines Associated With Worse Cognition Performance in Highly Educated Older Adults?

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