This study aims to determine the socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of the system of reef fisheries resource utilized by communities in the South Misool Marine Protected Area (KKPD) in Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia. Research was conducted from January to March 2019 using descriptive methods. Data were collected through observation, structured interviews, and document review. Respondents (fish collectors) were interviewed at three village observation points: Wayaban (5 respondents), Namlol (15 respondents) and Yellu (6 respondents). Data were analyzed quantitatively to interpret and describe information collected in the field. The results showed that on average, the number of family members per household in all three observation points were 4-5 people (63.38%), reef fishermen in South Misool have an average age range of 36-45 years (48%) and most have elementary school education level (50%). All fishermen in Wayaban village are from Kayoa village in Ternate (North Maluku) (100%), half of fishermen (50%) in Yellu village are from Yellu and the majority fishermen (33%) in Namlol shelter are from Raja Ampat (Yellu and Fafanlap villages). The reef fish resources system in the area of the South Misool KKPD utilizes a customary conservation-based management system where Sasi practices are still implemented in conjunction with Western conservation approaches.
Abstract. Manangkalangi E, Sembel L, Tebaiy S, Manuputty A, Rumayomi MR, Musyeri P, Sawaki D, Orissu D, Manumpil AW, Kaber Y. 2022. Evaluation of seagrass beds as a foraging and nursery habitat based on the structure of the fish community in Nusmapi Island, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5539-5550. Seagrass beds are one of the ecosystems inhabited by various coastal aquatic fauna, including fish. However, information on the temporal role of this ecosystem for fish fauna, particularly diurnal and nocturnal, is still limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to describe daily variations in the fish species composition, their ecological index, developmental stages, and trophic groups in a seagrass bed on Nusmapi Isl., Manokwari. The species composition differed between day and night sampling periods based on the results obtained from 40 species of fish belonging to 21 families and 7 orders. Furthermore, fish species consisted of three trophic groups (omnivores, carnivores, and herbivores), with omnivores and carnivores dominating during the day and at night by 48.6% and 87.5%, respectively. Species found in seagrass beds majorly consisted of juvenile stage individuals (65.9%). Individual abundance varied from day to night and was mainly found among group-forming species, such as S. spinus, S. trilineata, S. punctatissimum, and M. pralinia. The index of diversity, evenness, and dominance at the two relatively similar sampling times described the overall stability of fish communities in seagrass beds. The results indicate that seagrass beds serve as foraging and nursery grounds for many fish species in coastal waters. In addition, the management and protection of fish biodiversity and coastal fishery resources are affected by the ecosystem function.
Seagrass plays an important role in aquatic resources, such as to support the sustainable management of small-scale fisheries, ensuring the availability of seagrass stocks for generations of local communities to cultivate in a sustainable manner. The purpose of this study is to provide information on the seagrass health status to support sustainable small-scale fisheries in the South Misool Regional Waters Conservation Areas which is located within the Raja Ampat Marine Protected Area of West Papua. The research was conducted in January 2019 in the Yefgag, Yellu and Harapan Jaya island. A total of ten quadratic transects measuring 1x1 m were laid perpendicularly to the coastline adapted from the seagrass watch method to collect the seagrass data, i.e. the species and the frequency of seagrass found, the dominance and the percentage of seagrass cover. Additional data on fish species were collected by interviewing the local fishermen directly. The relationship between seagrass cover and the number of fish species was analyzed. Th results showed that there were eight species of seagrass found in three observation stations, i.e. Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis, Halodule pinifolia, Halophila minor, Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata and Enhalus acoroides. According to the standard criteria for the health status of seagrass beds, the three locations are classified as less rich/less healthy. It because the seagrass coverage was in the range of 30-59%. The relationship between the percentage of seagrass cover and the number of fish species resulted equation of Y = 15,923x + 0,3174 with R2 = 0,763. It means that the percentage of seagrass cover affects the abundance of fish species by 76,3% with the remaining being influenced by other variables, such as water quality.
ABSTRAKPerempuan pesisir Manokwari memiliki lima macam usaha diantaranya pengolahan bakso dan kerupuk, ikan asin, ikan asar, abon ikan dan wisata kuliner. Penelitian ini dilakukan di pesisir Kabupaten Manokwari pada Agustus -Desember 2015. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis usaha di sektor perikanan yang dilakukan perempuan pesisir Manokwari serta kontribusinya terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga. Metode wawancara digunakan terhadap 38 responden perempuan pesisir Manokwari sesuai jenis usaha yang ditekuni. Data yang diperoleh, dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kemudian ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik dan persentase. Dari jenis usaha yang ditekuni perempuan pesisir Manokwari diperoleh pendapatan rata-rata tertinggi adalah usaha olahan bakso dan yaitu sebesar Rp. 10,460,000.00 per month/kelompok, dan terendah adalah pelaku usaha ikan asin sebesar Rp. 4,895,000,00 per bulan/kelompok. Kontribusi pendapatan Rumah Tangga Perikanan sebesar 80% disumbangkan oleh kegiatan pengolahan hasil perikanan. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa perlu ada pendampingan kelembagaan usaha mikro dan penyediaan pasar yang memadai bagi keberlangsungan usaha.Kata kunci: perempuan pesisir, manokwari, pendapatan, pengolahan hasil perikanan ABSTRACT Indigenous women who lives in Manokwari coastal area have five field of economic livelihoods activities such as fish ball and fish crackers, salted dry fish, smoked fish, spicy shredded fish and local culinary tourism. A field research was done in several sites of coastal area of Manokwari during August to December 2015. The objective of this research is to explore and define types of economic livelihood activities by Indigenous women and its contribution on household income. Involving 38th respondents with using questionnaire method did interviews. Analyzed data using statistic descriptive. Based on this research is found that fish ball and fish crackers were higher per month than others, i.e. IDR 10.460.000,00 per month/group. The lowest income was salted dried fish, i.e. IDR 4.895.000 per month/group. About 80% the main contribution of the fisheries sector is from fish product. In Addition, based on this research also show that it needs an effort to empower small-scale unit business and market availability for sustainability business in Manokwari.
Ikan hiu dan pari adalah komoditas perikanan penting di dunia dan memiliki peranan baik secara ekologi maupun ekonomis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jenis-jenis sumber daya hiu dan pari yang dimanfaatkan secara tradisonal oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan dan Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni Provinsi Papua Barat. Penelitian ini bersifat eksploratif dan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan dan wawancara langsung di lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa jenis ikan hiu dan pari yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Bintuni dan Sorong Selatan adalah 16 jenis. Status dari masing-masing jenis berbeda, yaitu 3 jenis masuk dalam kategori Vurnarable (Sphyrna sp, Aetobatus ocellatus dan Rhinoptera javanica), satu spesies masuk kategori Endangered (Eusphyra blochii) serta 5 jenis masuk dalam kategori Critically Endangered. Pemanfaatan ikan hiu dan pari oleh masyarakat pesisir/nelayan di Kabupaten Sorong Selatan dan Kabupaten Bintuni berada dalam kategori pemanfaatan secara tradisional yaitu berupa produk olahan berupa daging ikan garam/asin dan dendeng. Sumber daya ikan hiu dan pari bukanlah target tangkapan masyarakat tetapi merupakan bycatch yang kemudian diolah secara tradisional. Kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pentingnya menjaga sebuah sumber daya yang memiliki status perlindungan akan menyebabkan penangkapan dilakukan secara terus menerus pada jenis-jenis yang berstatus vulnerable (terancam punah) atau spesies yang dilindungi. Hal ini dibuktikan bahwa nilai nilai korelasi antara tingkat pemanfaatan dengan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang sumber daya ikan hiu dan pari rendah yaitu korelasi (r) sebesar 0.56. Title: Traditional Utilization of Shark and Ray Resources by Coastal Community of West Papua Sharks and rays are essential fishery commodities in the world and have a role both ecologically and economically. This study aimed to determine the types of shark and ray resources used and the traditional pattern of utilization by the people in South Sorong Regency and Teluk Bintuni Regency, West Papua Province. This research method is an exploratory and qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data was collected in the form of primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected through direct observation and interviews in the field. The findings show that there are 16 species of sharks and rays caught by the community in Bintuni Bay and South Sorong Regencies. Each species’ status is different and can be defined as three species in the vulnerable (Sphyrna sp, Aetobatus ocellatus and Rhinoptera javanica), one as Endangered species (Eusphyra blochii), and five species in the Critically Endangered species. The utilization of sharks and rays by coastal communities/fishers in South Sorong Regency and Bintuni Regency is still in the category of traditional use, namely in the form of processed products in the form of smoked fish meat, salt/salted fish, and beef jerky. The level of traditional utilization of shark and ray resources by the local community in South Sorong Regency and Bintuni Regency is relatively high due to the lack of knowledge of local communities about the status of these fishery resources, which have been used traditionally. Furthermore, this can also indicate that lack of public knowledge about the importance of maintaining a protected resource will then continue the effort to catch the vulnerable (endangered) or protected species. It is proven that the correlation value between the utilization rate and public knowledge about shark and ray resources is low, namely a correlation (r) of 0.56.
The economic value of the activity of catching eggs in the waters of the Fak Fak Regency of West Papua not only provides income for migrant fishermen from South Sulawesi but also for the people in the Fak Fak Regency who live in coastal areas. This study aims to provide an overview of the economic impact of flying egg fishing and the marketing channels of these flying fish eggs. Data collection was carried out in August and September 2017 in the coastal areas of Fak Fak and the Fak Fak Fishing Base and several other landing areas. Interview and questionnaire techniques used for data collection also used secondary data from various sources and previous research. The data collected was analyzed descriptively and displayed in graphical form and percentage to reveal facts based on field information. The results showed that in 2017 the production of flying fish eggs per ship ranged from 270 - 1,575 kg, with an average value of IDR 307,446,154. The fish egg marketing channel in Fakfak Regency has 3 main actors namely: producers (fishermen), collecting traders (Papalele) and inter-island traders (Makassar, Takalar). The percentage of costs provided by fly fishing include: (1) fuel and oil 28 %, (2) food supply 26 %, (3) coconut leaves (24 %), and (4) fishing permit (22 %). The economic benefits as an added value from the activity of catching flying fish eggs for the Fak Fak coastal community are the opening of other business opportunities such as coconut leaf providers, fuel and food ingredients providers, boarding or lodging owners, and grater eggs.
The indigenous peoples who live and live in the Bintuni Bay Nature Reserve Area in Wamesa District, consist of three villages, namely Mamuranu, Anak Kasih and Wasari. The economic activities carried out by indigenous peoples in the Bintuni Bay Nature Reserve conservation area are very high. This is related to the type of work or livelihood that the community is engaged in, namely fishermen (fish, shrimp and crab) at 43.75% and farming or gardening at 37.5%. Meanwhile, the public perception of the determination of the Bintuni Bay nature reserve area is quite varied. For example, the perception regarding the desire for community involvement in forest conservation in the Bintuni Bay nature reserve is very high (83.75%). Meanwhile, the perception of socialization or counseling from the Forestry Service / Agencies related to the management of the Bintuni Bay Nature Reserve is low (26.25%). Regarding the management of the Bintuni Bay nature reserve area, in general the community hopes to be actively involved in activities related to the Bintuni Bay Nature Reserve Area. In addition, the community wants to be allowed to carry out economic activities in the area, such as labor, gardening, fishing and others. Meanwhile, for the Government, the community hopes that there will be efforts to improve the community's economy and increase infrastructure and other public facilities, but while maintaining environmental sustainability forest in the Bintuni Bay nature reserve area.
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